EOC Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotrophs - make their own food by using light energy; undergo photosynthesis Ex: Plants Heterotrophs - DO NOT make their own food; undergo cellular respiration Ex: Humans and animals

What Scientists Know Today CARBON DIOXIDE causes the mass of plants to INCREASE

Photosynthesis The process in which plants use light energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates

Photosynthesis Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + light  sugars + oxygen

Type of Energy Used During Photosynthesis Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) *** has 3 phosphate groups***

Stored Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ***has 2 phosphate groups***

Terminology Phosphorylation adding a phosphate group Dephosphorylation removing a phosphate group Exergonic releases energy Endergonic requires energy

Converting Stored Energy into Usable Energy When a cell needs energy it adds a phosphate group to ADP to turn it into ATP This process requires: 1)Phosphorylation 2)Energy (endergonic)

How Energy is Released from ATP The chemical bond between the second and third phosphate is broken This process requires: 1)Dephosphorylation 2)Releasing energy (exergonic)

ATP and ADP xQg

Two Phases of Photosynthesis 1) Light - Dependent Reactions 2) Light Independent Reactions

Light Dependent Reactions in Photosynthesis In order for this process to take place it needs SUNLIGHT!

Products of Light Dependent Reactions 1)Oxygen 2)ATP 3)NADPH

Light Independent Reactions in Photosynthesis DO NOT need sunlight AKA Calvin Cycle

Products of the Calvin Cycle 1) Glucose (sugar) 2) NADP+ 3) ADP

LightH2OH2OO2O2 CO 2 SugarsNADP + ADP Light- Dependent reactions Calvin cycle Fill in the BLANKS!

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic - requires oxygen Anaerobic - DOES NOT require oxygen

Definition for Cellular Respiration Process in which glucose and other food molecules are broken down to get energy. REQUIRES OXYGEN ***Glucose comes from carbohydrates***

Overview of Cellular Respiration Three Step Process: 1)Glycolysis 2)Kreb cycle 3)Electron Transport Chain

Equation for Cellular Respiration 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O +Energy Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Glycolysis First step in releasing the ENERGY from GLUCOSE

Overall Products of Glycolysis Products: 1)2 ATP 2)2 NADH 3)2 Pyruvic acid (enter the Krebs Cycle)

Fermentation This process is Anaerobic

2 Types of Fermentation 1)Alcoholic Fermentation 2)Lactic Acid Fermentation

The Krebs Cycle is also known as the Citric Acid Cycle

Products of the Krebs Cycle (1 glucose molecule) 8 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP

Role of the Electron Transport Chain To Convert NADH and FADH 2 into ATP

Products of Electron Transport Chain 1 NADH makes 3 ATP 1 FADH 2 makes 2 ATP

Number of ATP Made During Glycolysis 8 ATP

Number of ATP made during the Krebs Cycle 2 ATP

Total Amount of ATP made from 1 glucose molecule after undergoing Cellular Respiration Glycolysis + Krebs Cycle + ETC 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 34 ATP = 38 ATP

Determine the relationship between glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain