BSC 2011L

Animal Taxonomy (cont.)  Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia ○ Eumetazoa Bilateria -Coelomates -Protostomes Phylum Annelida – segmented worms ▪Class Oligiochaeta – earthworms ▪Class Polychaeta – sand worms ▪Class Hirudinea – leeches Phylum Arthropoda ▪Chelicerates Horseshoe crabs Arachnids– spiders ▪Crustaceans ▪Myriapoda Class Chilopoda – centipedes Class Diplopoda – millipedes ▪Insecta /Hexapoda– insects -Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata ▪Class Asteriodea – starfish ▪Class Ophiuroidea – brittle stars ▪Class Echinoidea – sea urchins ▪Class Holothuroidea – sea cucumber ▪Class Crinoidea – sea lillies

Phylum Annelida  Segmented worms  Circular and longitudinal muscles work against fluid filled coelom to produce changes in width and length  Digestion – complete  Circluation – closed (5 lateral hearts)

Phylum Annelida  Class Oligiochaeta Earthworms Found in soil Can reach 3 meters!

Phylum Annelida  Class Polychaeta Sand worms, feather dusters Almost all marine Live in substrate

Phylum Annelida  Class Hirudinea Leeches “bloodsuckers”

Phylum Annelida Class Oligiochaeta  Animal:Earthworm  Symmetry:Bilateral  Body cavity:coelomate – protostome  Digestion:complete – mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard, etc  Circulation:closed, 5 hearts  Segmentation:yes  Appendages:none  Nervous:dorsal brain, ventral nerve cord  Habitat:moist soils  Respiration:diffusion through body surface  Excretion:2 lateral tubes  Locomotion:circular and longitudinal muscles, setae  Support:hydrostatic skeleton

Earthworm model

Phylum Arthropoda  Paired, jointed appendages  Exoskeleton made of chitin  Digestion – complete  Circulation - open

Phylum Arthropoda  Chelicerates Horseshoe crabs Arachnids – spiders, ticks, scorpians ○ 4 pairs of legs

Phylum Arthropoda  Crustaceans crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfish ○ 3-5 pairs of legs

Phylum Arthropoda  Crayfish dissection Male vs. female

Phylum Arthropoda  Insects and relatives – breathe by trachea Chilopoda – centipedes ○ 1 pair of legs per segment Diplopoda ○ 2 pairs of legs per segment Insecta/Hexapods – ○ 3 pairs of legs

Phylum Arthropoda  Class Insecta Grasshopper

Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea  Animal:crayfish  Symmetry:bilateral  Body cavity:coelomate – protostome  Digestion:complete  Circulation:open, heart, blood vessels  Segmentation:yes  Appendages:mouth parts, walking legs, swimmerets  Nervous:dorsal brain, ventral nerve cord  Habitat:aquatic  Respiration:gills  Excretion:green gland, gills  Locomotion:walking legs  Support:exoskeleton

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta  Animal:Grasshopper  Symmetry:bilatera  Body cavity:coelomate – protostome  Digestion:complete – mouth, crop, gizzard, stomach, etc.  Circulation:open,  Segmentation:yes  Appendages:mouth parts, antennae, walking legs  Nervous:dorsal brain, ventral nerve cord  Habitat:terrestrial  Respiration:tracheal tubes opening at spiracles  Excretion:malpighian tubes, empty to intestine  Locomotion:2 pairs of wings, walking legs  Support:exoskeleton

Grasshopper model

Phylum Echinodermata  Now we are dealing with the deuterostomes (1 st embryonic blastophore becomes anus)  Marine  “spiny-skinned”  Endoskeleton covered by living tissue  Adults are radially symmetrical but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical  Water vascular system  Digestion – complete  Circulation – poorly developed

Phylum Echinodermata  Class Asteroidea Starfish

Phylum Echinodermata  Class Ophiuroidea Brittle stars

Phylum Echinodermata  Class Echinoidea Sea urchins, sand dollar

Phylum Echinodermata  Class Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers

Phylum Echinodermata  Class Crinoidea Sea lillies

Phylum Echinodermata Class Asteroidea  Animal:Starfish  Symmetry:radial adult, bilateral larvae  Body cavity:coelomate – deuterostome  Digestion:mouth, evertable stomach  Circulation:poorly developed  Segmentation:no  Appendages:arms  Nervous:radial nerves  Habitat:aquatic  Respiration:skin gills, tube feet  Excretion:amoeboid cells  Locomotion:arms, tube feet  Support:endoskeleton

Starfish model

Earthworm Dissection

Crayfish Dissection Gills have been Removed in drawing

What we are doing in today’s lab:  Earthworm Dissection  Crayfish dissection  Phylum Annelida Observe prepared specimens Microscope – look at cross section of earthworm Earthworm model: ○ Know following parts: brain, heart, esophagus, seminal vesicle, seminal receptacle, crop, gizzard, dorsal vessel, clitellum  Phylum Arthropoda Observe prepared specimens Crayfish model: ○ Know following parts: stomach, compound eye, claw Grasshopper model: ○ Know following parts: brain, heart, nerve ganglion, crop, malpighian tubules  Phylum Echinodermata Observe prepared specimens Starfish model: ○ Know following parts: tube feet, spine, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, sex organs, radial nerve, nerve ring, circular canal