Animal Classification

Animals can be classified by what kind of symmetry it has. Radial Symmetry the animal can be divided into equal parts that arranged around central axis. Bilateral Symmetry can be divided into two parts that are nearly mirror images of each other. Asymmetry cannot be divided into any two parts that are nearly mirror images of each other.

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Animalia Fungi Plantae Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelmenthes Nematoda Chordata * Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodea fish amphilbia reptilia bird mammal KingdomPhylumClass Archaebacteria Eubacteria Domain Eukarya

Phylum Porifera  Characteristics:  Asymmetrical  No tissues, organs or organ systems  All live in water  Examples:  Sea Sponges

Phylum Cnidaria  Characteristics:  Radial symmetry  No organ or organ systems  Soft bodied  All live in water  Examples:  Jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras and corals

Phylum Platyhelminthes  Characteristics:  Bilateral symmetry  Have nerve, muscle and digestive tissue  Soft, flattened bodies  Digestive system only has one opening (mouth)  Examples:  Flatworms including tapeworm

Phylum Nematoda  Characteristics :  Bilateral symmetry  Have nerve, muscle and digestive tissues  Bodies are round and covered with stiff outer covering  Digestive system has two openings (mouth and anus)  Examples:  roundworm

Phylum Annelida  Characteristics:  Bilateral symmetry  soft bodies  Repeating segments covered by a thin cuticle  Digestive systems have two opening  Circulatory system made of blood vessels that carry blood throughout their body  Examples:  earthworms, leeches and marine worms

Phylum Mollusca  Characteristics:  Bilateral symmetry  Bodies are soft  Digestive system with two openings  Body contains heart, stomach and other organs  Circulatory system contains blood but no blood vessels  Must remain wet  Examples:  Snails, slugs, clams, mussels, octopi, squid

Phylum Arthropoda  Characteristics:  Bilateral symmetry  Exoskeletons – thick, hard outer coverings that protect and support animals’ bodies  Jointed appendages  Segmented bodies  Examples:  Insects, spiders, shrimp, crabs

Groups of Arthropoda  Arachnids : horseshoe crabs, spiders, tick, mites, scorpions (adults have 8 legs)  Crustaceans : crabs, lobsters, barnacles, pill bugs.  Insects – 6 legs, 2 antenna, 3 body segments  millipedes and centipedes – many legs

Phylum Echinodermata  Characteristics:  Radial symmetry  Echinoderm – spiny skin  Thousands of small muscular fluid-filled tubes called tube feet  Complete digestive system  Only live in oceans  Examples:  Sea star, sea cucumbers, sea urchins

Phylum Cordata - Vertebrates  Characteristics:  Well developed organ systems  Digestive system with two openings  Circulatory system that move blood through the body  Nervous systems that include brains  5 Major Classes (groups):  Fish  Amphibians  Birds  Reptiles  mammals

Fish  Most spend their entire lives in water  Contain gills for absorbing oxygen gas from the water  Paired fins for swimming

Groups of Fish  Jawless fish – hagfish and lampreys  Cartilaginous fish – have skeletons made of cartilage and include sharks, skates, rays  Bony fish – have skeletons made of bone and include trout, guppies, tuna and thousands of others.

Amphibians  Spend part of their lives in water and part on land.  Amphibians have skeletons make of bone and 4 legs.  Their skin is smooth and moist  Hearts have 3 chambers  Lay eggs without shells or coverings  Young live in water and have gills, adults develop lungs and live on land  Examples include frogs, toads and salamanders

Reptiles  Skin is water-proof and covered in scales  3 chambered hearts  Have lungs throughout their lives  Lay eggs with leathery shells  Eggs laid on land  Includes lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles and alligators

Birds  Many birds make nests to hold their eggs  Eggs have hard shells  Many have unique calls or songs  Lightweight bones  Skin covered with feathers and scales  Two legs and two winds  Many can fly  Have beaks and do not chew their food  4 chambered hearts

Mammals  Have hair or fur  Tear and chew their food using teeth  Mammary glands that produce milk to feed young.  Most birth live young

Groups of mammals  Marsupials  Gives birth to live young but the embryo climbs into the mother’s pouch to continue its development.  Examples include  kangaroos  Koalas  Tasmanian devils  wombats

Groups of mammals  Monotremes  Lays eggs  including only five living species  the duck-billed platypus  four species of echidna (also known as spiny anteaters).

Groups of mammals  Placental  all bear live young  which are nourished before birth by the placenta  Includes 4000 species including  rodents, bats, whales, elephants, shrews, armadillos as well as dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, horses and humans.