TOPIC: Locomotion Aim: Use textual evidence to describe the functions of the skeletal system. Do Now: Tape Reflex Arc ISA into your notebook. HW: Reflex Arc ISA

Let’s summarize: 1.Identify the chemical secreted by endocrine glands. 2.Identify the cells affected by hormones. 3. How are hormones transported to target cells? 4. Identify the structures hormones attach to on the surface of the target cell. HORMONES TARGET CELLS BLOOD RECEPTORS

Let’s review: Identify the gland described. 1.Releases hormones in times of stress. 2.Formerly known as the master gland. 3.Release estrogen. 4. Regulates metabolism. 5.Release human growth hormone. 6.Regulates blood glucose levels. 7.Regulates secondary sex characteristics. 8.Release insulin and glucagon. 9.Regulates calcium metabolism. 10.Release testosterone. 11.Releases thyroxine. Adrenal glands Pituitary Ovaries Thyroid gland Pituitary Pancreas Gonads Pancreas Parathyroid Testes Thyroid

A B C D E F G Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Adrenal Gland Pancreas Ovaries Testes

1. How many bones does the human skeleton have? 206 bones

2. Why do adults have fewer bones than a baby? A new born baby has 300 bones, while an adult has only about 206 bones. This is because some bones fuse or grow together as you get older.

Skeleton of newborn made mostly of cartilage

3. Identify the tissues that holds or connects bones together. Ligaments

4. Identify the tissues that connect muscles to bones. Tendons

Identify the tissue that is tearing. Support your answer. LIGAMENT It is connecting the two bones.

5. Identify where cartilage is found. Between bones Rib cage Ear and nose Bronchial tubes Intervertebral discs

6. Describe the physical characteristic s of cartilage. Not as hard and rigid as bones, but it is stiffer Less flexible that muscle. Slippery

7. Describe how the skeletal system supports the body. Without a skeleton, most animals, including humans, would be shapeless pile of lump muscles.

8. Describe how the skeletal system provides protection. The skull protects the brain The ribcage protects the heart and lungs.

How is your skeletal system involved in attachment? Your bones are a point where muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached in the body.

How is your skeletal system involved in movement? Vertebrates use their skeleton to move.

9. Describe how the skeletal system is involved in blood cell production. The bone marrow, the inside of the bone, is where all blood cells are produced. Red bone marrow

10. Describe how the skeletal system is involved in storage. Stores mineral nutrients, especially calcium. Phosphorus

Yellow BM  fat cells

11. Why is it important to have enough calcium in your diet? If you do not get enough calcium in your diet, this can cause osteoporosis, which makes the bones weak and brittle.

Did you know… 1.Yellow marrow is found in the hollow interior of the middle portion of long bones. 2.Red marrow is found mainly in the flat bones, such as the pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs, vertebrae and scapulae, and at the ends of long bones such as the femur and humerus. 3.When someone is born, all marrow is red. Eventually, some of it gets converted into yellow marrow. 4.The fat cells in yellow marrow are the last resort for body’s energy requirements and can be consumed in an event of extreme hunger.

Let’s summarize… 1.Identify the tissue that connects muscles to bones. 2.Identify the tissue that connects bone to bone. 3.Identify the part of the bone that produces blood cells. 4.Identify some characteristics of cartilage. 5. Identify substances stored in bones. 6. How do bones protect the body? Tendons Ligaments Bone marrow Not as hard as bones, flexible, slippery Calcium, phosphorus, fat The skull protects the brain. The ribcage protects the heart and lungs.

Bones

Cranium = Skull

Your face has 14 bones.

Clavicle = collar bone Rib cage (protect)

Sternum = breast bone

Vertebrae = backbones

Scoliosis

Did You Know? Humans and giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks? A Giraffe’s neck vertebrae are just much, much longer!

Scapula: shoulder blade

Pelvis = hips

Femur = thigh bone (longest & strongest)

Your Femur (thigh bone) is stronger than concrete. Bone is stronger, inch for inch than the steel used in skyscrapers. It’s about 1/4 of your height.

Patella = knee cap

Carpals = wrist bones Metacarpals = hand bones

If you break your wrist as an adult it will take you 8 weeks to heal. A five year old child who breaks their wrist only takes 3 weeks to heal.

Phalanges = fingers & toes

One fourth of your bones are located in your feet.

The only bone not broken so far during any ski accident is one located in your inner ear.

The jawbone is the hardest in the human body.

The smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear which can measure 1/10 of an inch.

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