APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Investigation on calibration of fuel ethanol flow meters Takashi Shimada, Ryouji Doihara, Noriyuki Fuiichi, Yoshiya Terao National Metrology Institute of Japan/AIST

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Base Gasoline Ethanol Production facilityBlending Station Flowmeter for Ethanol Flowmeter for Ethanol To report Volume Custody meter for Ethanol Guarantee of quality Custody meter Taxation FM There is no calibration facility for ethanol flow in Japan. In many cases, water is used as alternative calibration liquid. Background Molasses Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane into sugar. Wikipedia Bio ethanol:

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Liquid properties  Viscosity Water < Ethanol < Kerosene  Density Ethanol = Kerosene < Water Viscosity (mm 2 /s) Temperature (ºC) Viscosity Bio ethanol Ethanol Water Kerosene ,000 1, Density (kg/m 3 ) Temperature (ºC) Density Water is used as a alternative liquid Differences of viscosity and density may affect on calibration results.

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Rinsing problem  Viscosity of ethanol at 20 ºC =Kerosene at 35 ºC  Density of ethanol = Kerosene Relationship of water solubility Ethanol Water Kerosene Full Rinsing Simple rinsing Full Rinsing Hydrophilic nature Hydrophobic nature Rinsing problems are suspected to use kerosene as a alternative calibration liquid. Kerosene at 35 ºC can be used as a alternative calibration liquid? :tend to be dissolved by water :difficult to be dissolved by water

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Purpose of this research  To establish temporary and simple ethanol flow standards which are traceable to water or hydrocarbon flow in NMIJ  To evaluate how much the differences of liquid properties between ethanol and alternative calibration liquid effect on calibration factor.  To confirm whether an implementation of replacing liquid of the flowmeter raises concerns or not.

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Ethanol flow standard CMF-M  CMF-M (Mass out of Coriolis + Densitometer + Thermometer + Press. gauge) Mass flow output of Coriolis was converted to volumetric flow with liquid density through the CMF. Liquid density through the CMF was obtained by which the measured density using an off-line densitometer was corrected by pressure and temperature.  Small volume prover (SVP)

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Small Volume Prover (SVP)  A free piston type SVP was designed for this project.  The cylinder is a precisely honed 4-inch stainless steel pipe.  Intrinsic safety type magnetic sensors detect the magnet inside the piston from outside the cylinder.  Standard volume between two detectors is about 4 L

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Evaluated Flowmeters  PD1 (25 mm: Oval gear type positive displacement flowmeter ) Same type PD is installed in the blending station  PD2 (25 mm: Oval gear type positive displacement flowmeter ) For high viscosity liquid  TB (20 mm: Turbine flowmeter) Upstream pipe and tube-bundle straightener  CMF-V (Volumetric flow rate from the Coriolis in the CMF-M) Volumetric flow rate is converted with mass flow rate and internal density measurement in Coriolis flowmeters. CMF-VCMF-M Flow standard

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Test Line of National Flow Standard Facility or Ethanol Blending Station Flow meter package Transferable Flowmeter Package TB PD2CFM PD1 SVP Flowmeters, SVP, pipes, valves, thermometers, pressure gauges, pulse counters and measurement recording system

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Flow meter package SVP Coriolis PD2 Turbine meter PD1

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, SVP Flowmeters Pump Tank Ethanol Blending station Hydrocarbon Calibration facility Water Calibration facility Kerosene 1 (Sep.) Ethanol (Dec.) Kerosene 2 (Feb.-Mar.) Water (Jan.) Calibration

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Miyakojima Tsukuba Miyakojima Taipei Ethanol blending system

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Medium hydrocarbon flow calibration facility Test line Bypass line Header Diverter Weighing tank Weighing scale; 60 kg Dead weights Tank;2 m 3 Heat Exchanger Flow Pump Reference meter Weighing tank Diverter box Weighing scale  Flow rate 0.1 ~ 15 m 3 /h  Uncertainty % ( k = 2 ) for volumetric flow rate % ( k = 2 ) for mass flow rate  Working liquid Kerosene, Light oil, Spindle oil

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Evaluation of standard for ethanol flow

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Calibration facilities SVP There is no large difference between kerosene and water in the SVP coefficients % SVP Coefficient : calibrated by using hydrocarbon and water calibration facility

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, CMF-M Coriolis flowmeter and SVP have good stability at different liquids 0.1 % CMF-M: calibrated by using hydrocarbon and water calibration facility

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, CMF-M SVP (Coeff.= ) Both methods (CMF-M and SVP) have good performance in ethanol. 0.1 % CMF-M: calibrated by using the SVP

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Drifts of calibration factor caused by liquid replacement

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, At preliminary test in previous year 0.1 % Kerosene Replacing liquid could affect calibration factors between ethanol and other liquids to PD. PD1: calibrated by using SVP in preliminary test

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Deviation (%) Rinse by IPA:3 days Use at ethanol ： 3 days Rinse by IPA:3 days Rinse by Kerosene: 1 day PD1 Rinsing system  IPA(Isopropyl alcohol, 2- propanol) to rinse flowmeters Miscible in water, alcohol Dissolve many oils Rinsing system Pump Tank Flowmeters Date 3.0 m 3 /h 2.5 m 3 /h 2.0 m 3 /h 0.1 % Flowmeters were rinsed using IPA before liquids change. Kerosene

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Evaluation of flowmeter performance on ethanol

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, ±0.1 % PD1 :Calibrated by SVP (Coeff. = )

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Flow rate (m 3 /h) Reynolds number TB :calibrated by SVP (Coeff. = ) ±0.1 %  No good linearity in the calibrated range  Good characteristic against Re within +/- 0.1 %.  Alternative liquid calibration could work using Reynolds number after enough rinsing

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, CMF-V Differences is caused by density measurement in the CMF CMF-V (Volumetric flow output) :calibrated in preliminary test 0.2 %

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Calibration results of mass and volumetric flow CMF A(CMF-V) (K fc – K fnom )/K fnom (%) CMF B FlowmeterMass flowVolumetric flow CMF A~ 0.1 %~ 0.5 % CMF B~ 0.05 %~ 0.08 % 0.5 % 0.1 % 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC Volumetric flow Mass flow Kerosene Deviation Flow rate (t/h or m 3 /h)

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Temperature effect on density measurement  Temperature readings are affected by the ambient temperature of 20 ºC.  Differences of the temperature in the CMF A are larger than those in the CMF B. Temp. reading - Liquid temp. (K) CMF A(CMF-V) Diff. Temperature (K) Diff. Density (kg/m 3 ) CMF B 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC Kerosene Density reading – Liquid density (kg/m 3 ) 4 K 0.5 % K 0.05 %

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Thermal insulator on CMFs Differences of liquid temperature from ambient temperature around the CMFs is one of important sources to achieve high accuracy for volumetric flow in CMFs. (K fc – K fnom )/K fnom (%) Diff. Temperature (K) CMF A(CMF-V), Volumetric flow, Kerosene 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC 35 ºC, insulation Insulation Insulation Flow rate (m 3 /h) Diff. Density (kg/m 3 )

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Summary 1/2 Ethanol flow standard  The CMF-M and the SVP have shown a good stability against changing of liquid properties.  These two methods (CMF-M and SVP) could be candidates for working standard of ethanol flow after being calibrated using the water or hydrocarbon calibration facility.

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Summary 2/2 Flowmeter performance  A mechanical type flowmeter which is hard to rinse might be unsuitable for a liquid replacing operation between ethanol and other liquids.  However these flowmeters could be a good ethanol flowmeter as long as they are kept and calibrated in ethanol line.  A mass flow output type Coriolis flowmeter could be a good ethanol flowmeter even if it needs to be calibrated in an alternative liquid.  CMF-M could be a field master meter from another liquid standard.  A volume flow output of Coriolis flowmeter (CMF-V) should be cared in use for different condition from calibration.

APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, Thank you for your attention. Any questions?