Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs)

2 OLED is the acronym for Organic Light Emitting Diode An OLED is a solid-state device composed of thin films of organic molecules that create light when a current is applied Easily tunable emission color Amorphous materials (no need to match the substrate’s lattice) Wide viewing angles Much faster response time (few microseconds vs milliseconds) Low power consumption Self emitting. No need of backlight (so they are lighter in weight and thinner) Flexible, high contrast, brighter

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4 Dimensions: 7 mm 2 ; 50 mm 2 ; 100 mm 2 Turn on voltages: V Luminance: 3000 cd/m 8 V Warm white Cold white White light

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Luminanza (9V) 2500 cd/m 2 Luminanza (9V) 2200 cd/m 2 ENEA OLEDs Lunghezza d’onda picchi emissione (nm) Picco 1434 Picco 2620 Picco 3673 Luminanza (9V) 3500 cd/cm 2

7 OLED’s Human-Friendly light quality has minimal health issues caused by artificial light intensity (%) wavelength(nm) Side-effects of Artificial Light Blue Light Hazard Melatonin suppression Negative influence on sleeping & health Natural and Human-Friendly Light Qualities Spectral Distribution and Color Wavelengths with positive characteristics from both a psychological and physiological perspective intensity (%) wavelength(nm) LED OLED LG CHEM.

LED applications in plant growth The sun emits a full-spectrum white light, most of which is not used by plants. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR ) lays in the nm wavelengths region. An efficient lamp for crop artificial lighting should, therefore, convert electrical energy as much as possible into PAR light LED lights are more energy efficient than incandescent. LED lights use only 2-17 watts of electricity, which is 25%- 80% less energy than standard lighting systems. LEDs offer more targeted wavelength options. For example, for red and blue selections. LEDs last up to 10 times more than compact fluorescent lamps, and far longer than typical incandescent lights. LED grow lights produce considerably less heat than other lights, reducing the need for cooling systems.

Advantages of OLED-based lighting in plant growing applications Large and homogeneous emitting area. Single wavelength selection. Flexible solutions. Fitness to any kind of supports. Light weight and thinness. Low power consumption. No-heating effects. Environmental friendship (mercury-free, easy recycling).