Circulation + Blood Pressure

2 major circulatory systems: 1.Cardiopulmonary Circulation – blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. 2. Systemic Circulation – blood from the heart to the tissues and cells and back to the heart.

3 Specialized systemic routes…. Coronary circulation – blood from the heart to the myocardium Portal Circulation – blood from the organs of digestion to the liver through the portal vein Fetal Circulation – How the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood.

Blood Vessels

3 types: Arteries, Capillaries, & Veins Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries. (1 exception: pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated)

3 type of Blood Vessels Capillaries Smallest blood vessel, connect arterioles with venules. Made up of endothelial cells.

3 types of Blood Vessels Veins Carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries to the heart. 3 layers: tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima

Principal Arteries ArteryArea ServedArteryArea Served Common CarotidHead & FaceSlenicSpleen Internal CarotidBrainHepaticLiver External CarotidFaceSuperior Mesenteric Small intestines and colon VertebralSpinal Column & Brain RenalKidney BrachiocephalicRight arm, head, & shoulder Common IliacLower abd. Area SubclavianShoulderInternal IliacPelvis and bladder AxillaryAxilla areaExternal IliacGroin & Lower Leg BrachialUpper arm and elbow FemoralGroin RadialArm, wristPoplitealKnee area Thoracic AortaChest cavityAnterior TibialisAnterior Lower Leg CeliacLiver, spleen, stomach and pancreas Posterior TibialisPosterior Lower Leg Dorsalis PedisAnkle

Principal Veins VeinArea ServedVeinArea Served External JugularFaceInternal JugularHead & Neck SubclavianShoulder & Upper Limbs BrachiocephalicRight side of head & shoulder Left CephalicShoulder & axillaryAxillaryAxilla area BrachialUpper armRadialLower arm & wrist Superior Vena CavaUpper part of bodyInferior Vena CavaLower part of body & abd. Area HepaticLiverRenalKidney Hepatic PortalOrgans of digestionSplenicSpleen Superior Mesenteric Small Intestine & Colon Common IliacLower abd. And pelvis Internal IliacBladder & Reproductive organs External IliacLower Limbs Dorsal Venous ArchFoot Great SaphenousUpper LegFemoralUpper leg & groin PoplitealKneePosterior TibialisPosterior Leg

EKG, Blood Pressure & Pulse

EKG Tests for electrical problems with your heart Baseline of an EKG is a flat line: P = Atrial contraction QRS = Ventricular contraction T = Ventricular relaxation

Blood Pressure When the heart pumps blood into the arteries, the surge of blood filling the vessels creates pressure against their walls.

BP Cont… Top # = Systolic # pressure measures at the moment of contraction Bottom # = Diastolic # lessened force of the blood when the ventricles are relaxed Normal BP 120/80 Pulse Pressure = Difference b/t the 2 #’s Ex: Pulse Pressure of 120/80 = 40

Hyper & Hypotension HTN Causes: Diet, smoking, obesity, drugs, genes, pregnancy Hypo causes: athletes, pregnancy, heart issues, dehydration, blood loss. Orthostatic Hypotension – drastic drop in BP when changing positions (lying – sitting – standing) (usually results in fainting) White coat hypertension – rise in BP when in medical situation