SOUTHEAST ASIA

China

Silk Road Trade route from China to Central Asia to the Black Sea Enabled China’s contact with the outside world 4,000 miles long Silk, teas, porcelain, ivory, textiles, jewels, spices, slaves, etc.

Chinese Civil Wars (1927 – 1950) Kuomintang (Nationalists) vs Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the PRC and the Nationalists fled to Taiwan (Republic of China). Today, Taiwan’s status is conflicted. The China insists that Taiwan is a Chinese province. Taiwan is not an official country but is democratic.

Mao Zedong Chinese communist leader Founder of the People’s Republic of China

China Early History Boxer Rebellion- Chinese militants attacked Europeans and Chinese Christians trying to break free from the influence on the Europeans that were trying to take advantage of the Chinese military and government weakness Revolutionary war ended the rule of dynasty’s –Sun Yat-sen became the first president of China Communist fought for control over China and won…Mao Zedong became the new ruler

Communism ?Ntt=communismhttps://app.discoveryeducation.com/search ?Ntt=communism

Communist Party of China Founding and ruling party of the PRC since 1921 Harsh restrictions and human rights violations: Internet, the press, freedom of assembly, reproductive rights, and freedom of religion Leader: Xi Jinping –General Secretary and Leader of the Communist Party

Great Leap Forward of 1958 Led by Mao Zedong Economic and social campaign of Communist party Goal: Speed up industrialization and economic success Result: Poor planning, inefficient industries, hurt agriculture, famine, damaged environment, violence increased, slowed economic success Millions died People in countryside working at night to produce steel

Cultural Revolution (1966 to 1976) Mao Zedong wanted to get rid of enemies and intellectuals (threats) Schools were closed, people were displaced, tortured, imprisoned, raped, and killed Paralyzed the country socially, politically, and economically Mao had absolute power

Tiananmen Square Massacre (1989) Close to a million students gathered to demand political reforms. Government sent army troops who killed thousands of people. Martial law US imposed economic Sanctions =tiananmen+square+massacre+tank+man

Great Wall of China Estimated at over 13,000 miles long Construction lasted about 2,000 years (Qin to Ming Dynasty) Built by soldiers, prisoners and local people Never successfully kept out invaders Less than 30% remains intact china:// china

IMPERIALISM IN ASIA BEFORE WWI

China Economy: Due to the involvement of government in the economy, China is now one of the fastest growing economies in the world. 60% of population work on farms on 13% of the land Known for its rice, maize, wheat, and sweet potatoes

OVERPOPULATION Overpopulation occurs when the number of people in an area is far greater than the country’s available resources. China is the worlds most overpopulated country China has tried to set up population controlling policies to control the overpopulation problem. –Two Child Policy –Marriage age

CHINA’S SOLUTION TO OVERPOPULATION China’s population control policies include: One child per family policy (1979), and now two child policy (January 2016) –Families that had more than one child would be taxed an amount equal to 50% of their income or they could lose their job. –Families would be offered benefits if they agreed to have one child. In the 1980s, China attempted to change their economy from primarily agriculture to industry. –The government believed that the economic growth would hinder the population growth.

Religion:

Major Religions of China –Chinese religious philosophy as a whole has 4 main influences: -Ancient folk religion, including ancestor worship -Confucianism - Taoism - Buddhism Confucianism- based on teaching of Confucianism, stresses importance of education in a well-run society Taoism- based on teaching of Lao-tzu, importance of preserving and restoring harmony in the individual as well as the universe- also believed gov’t should have little to do with the people Buddhism- believe in rebirth and is highly influenced by Confucianism and Taoism

BUDDHISM

–Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world. The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself “awakened” (enlightened) at the age of 35. –The Buddha taught many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism can be summed up by the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path.

BUDDHISM The four noble truths: 1.Life is suffering i.e., life includes pain, getting old, disease, and ultimately death. 2.Suffering is caused by craving and hatred. 3.Suffering can be overcome and happiness can be attained. In order to reach this state, we must give up useless craving and learn to live each day at a time. 4.The fourth truth is that the Noble 8-fold Path is the path which leads to the end of suffering The Noble 8-fold Path is being moral (through what we say, do and our livelihood), focusing the mind on being fully aware of our thoughts and actions, and developing wisdom by understanding the Four Noble Truths and by developing compassion for others

BUDDHISM

CONFUCIANISM

–Confucianism, one of the three major religion traditions in China, is based on the teachings of K'ung-fu-tzu ( BC), known in the west as Confucius. –Confucianism is the complex system of moral, social, political, and religious teaching built up by Confucius and the ancient Chinese traditions. Confucianism goal is making not only the man honorable, but also making him the man of learning and of good manners. The perfect man must combine the qualities of a saint, scholar, and gentleman. Confucianism is a religion whose worship is centered in offerings to the dead. The notion of duty is extended beyond the boundaries of morals and embraces the details of daily life. – Cardinal virtues include Compassion, Duty, Manners, Wisdom, and Faithfulness.

THE KOREA’S

Human Geography: North Korea: Language: Korean Population: 24.9 million Religion: Korean Shamanism and Cheondoism (stem of Confucianism) Government: Authoritarian Socialist South Korea: Language: Korean Population: 50 million Religion: Korean Shamanism, Christianity, and Buddhism Government: Presidential System (unitary state)

History of Korea Korea is a peninsula Japan controlled peninsula until 1945 and the end of WWII In 1945, USSR controlled the North & U.S.A supported the South. In 1950, the North invaded the South. When the Korean War was over in 1953 passed the 38°N line

28 Background Information After WWII, Korea was divided at the 38 th parallel. The North was under trusteeship of the Soviet Union and the South was under the trusteeship of the U.S. Two countries developed the North, communist and the South, democratic

29 Conflicting ideologies- How did the war begin? Both sides wanted to reunify under their own rule In 1950 war broke out. The U.S. backed the South and American and UN forces pushed deep into North Korea China entered the war in support of the North and pushed American troops back into the South

Map of Korea during Korean War After three years the war was fought to a stalematestalemate

Vietnam

Human Geography: Language: Vietnamese Population: 93+ million Religion: Buddhist 9%, Catholic 7%,Protestant, Islam, none 81% Government: Communist Natural Resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower. Major Commodities: manufacturing clothing, seafood, rice.

Brief history In the late 19th century Vietnam became a French colony. In 1940 the Germans defeated France. Japan forced the French government to allow Japanese troops to occupy French Indo-China. The Vietnamese Communists or Viet Minh fought the Japanese and by 1945 they controlled parts of North Vietnam. September 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent

The Vietnam War

Vietnam War Pt 1 – After WW2, France ruled Vietnam as a colony. France driven out by Viet Cong (Communists), led by Ho Chi Minh, in Geneva Accords (1954) created North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (Democratic), but Ho Chi Minh wanted a united Vietnam. Domino Theory– fear of spread of Communism – US sends troops to stop Viet Cong. Why is it called the “Domino Theory”? What was going on in the world that made the US worry about Communism spreading?

Vietnam War Pt 2 – Escalation ( ) after Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – US sends in more troops, up to 500,000 at any time. Viet Cong shuttle supplies in along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Tet Offensive (1968) – Vietcong surprise attack on US soldiers during New Years holiday, changed public perception of war. “Vietnamization” ( ) – US shifts load to South Vietnam, starts pulling out of Vietnam. North Vietnam enters war openly. Fall of South Vietnam ( ) – North Vietnam wins, unifies Vietnam.

Aftermath of Vietnam War Vietnam became a Communist country, but “Domino Theory” never happened. Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot, “Killing Fields” of Cambodia Refugees fled region – “Boat People” came to US and other SE Asian nations. What do you think the Vietnam War did to the United States? What about to Texas?

Cambodia and the Killing Fields After the Vietnam War, Cambodia was taken over by an extreme communist group called the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, from 1975 to ish. They wanted make Cambodia into a classless society where everyone lived on collective farms. To do this, they tried to wipe out their enemies, anyone who didn’t go along with the plan. They killed about 4 million people, ½ of Cambodia. The bodies were buried in mass graves, called the “Killing Fields”.