Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 MYP Title: Which Way Should We GO? Unit Question: Why is Power Important Concept Statement: The Culture with Power controls the nature of the Exchange Key Concept: Global Interaction Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office Major Historical Figures – Sec 1 1.George Washington – First president of the United States (Father of the Country) 2.John Adams – First vice-president of the United States 3.Alexander Hamilton – Cabinet Member in charge of US Economy and Leader of the Federalist Party 4.Thomas Jefferson – Leader of the Democratic Republican Party (Wrote the “Declaration of Independence”) 5.James Madison – (Father of the “Constitution”) left the Federalist Party to help lead the Democratic Republican party

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office Maps For Unit 3- World Map

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office Maps For Unit 1- East Coast of America

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office Section Question: As an American Citizen in 1793 would you have joined the Federalist Party or the Democratic- Republican Party? Have two strong facts and reasons why.

Unit 1 – Political and Intellectual Transformation F1 Section 1: The Colonies before the Revolution Who was the US’s First President? What did Washington do as President ? George Washington was Inaugurated (swore in) as first president (Head of the Executive Branch – Enforces the Laws) of the US in He established what the role of president would be for the next eight years Among the first things Washington did was choose who would work with him The runner-up (second place) John Adams became his Vice President Washington appointed the 6 Supreme Court Justices A power given to the president by the “Constitution” There are 9 Supreme Court Justices today

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What did Washington do as President ? What did Alexander Hamilton do when he was put in charge of the US Economy? Washington appointed 3 cabinet members Cabinet: The group of presidential advisers made up of the heads of the executive departments (Like the Department of War, or Agriculture, Transportation, or Treasury) There are 14 Cabinet members today Washington put Alexander Hamilton, (* Remember – Called for Constitutional Convention & Led Federalist) in charge of solving all the countries money problems The US owed 52 million dollars in war debts and the government was broke To solve the US Economic problems (52 million in debt), he had 3 objectives/plans (1) Make the US a Capitalist country

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What did Alexander Hamilton do when he was put in charge of the US Economy? Using Adam Smith’s book The Wealth of Nations, Hamilton set up a Capitalist Economic System - Private citizens owned the businesses and land of the country not the government. Hamilton believed that the government’s primary goal was to encourage business to grow so they could be taxed Hamilton believed that the US should be led by rich business men (2) Raise Government revenues (money taken in through taxes and tariffs) (3)Create a National Bank – A Government run bank – helping business grow with loans And making money by charging interest

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office How did Hamilton’s Economic Plan lead to the growth of Political Parties? What did the Democratic- Republican Party believe in? (D-R) Not everyone liked what Hamilton wanted to do – A new political party formed to fight his ideas: The Democratic-Republican Party – They were led by Thomas Jefferson (*Remember – Primary Author of Declaration of Independence) and James Madison (*Remember “Father of the Constitution”) The D-R believed in STRICT CONSTRUCTION: The Federal Government can only do exactly what is in the Constitution. (Enumerated Powers) as supported by the Amendment 10 of the “Bill of Rights” “Anything not covered in the “Constitution” is given to the State and People to decide” There support came from the farmers and artisans of the South and West

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What did the Democratic- Republican Party believe in? (D-R) What did the Federalist Party believe in? They were against a National Bank, They felt that it would give the Federal Government to much power They believed that the Federal Government should be Laissez – Faire (Let the people do as they choose) and the States and People should control the country Alexander Hamilton still led the Federalist Party (*Remember - Wanted “Constitution) They had support from George Washington They were Merchants and factory owners from the North & East They wanted heavy tariffs on foreign imports – protect the Domestic Market (Made in the US) They wanted a National Bank to borrow money from

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What did the Federalist Party believe in? How did Hamilton Win? They believed in LOOSE CONSTRUCTION (The idea that if the “Constitution doesn't say you Can’t Do It – You Can!) They believed the ELASTIC CLAUSE (sections1/8/18 Powers of the Congress – “US Constitution) “The Congress can do anything they feel is for the good of the country” With strong support from George Washington and the Federalist, Hamilton put in place his economic plan He set up the National Bank He put high tariffs on foreign imports, making the North happy and angering the South

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office How did George Washington open the West for settlers? In 1793 the US owned all the land between the Appalachian Mts & the Mississippi according to the “Treaty of Paris” Native Americans, Spain, and England also wanted this land Washington understood that the US needed this land in the west to grow rich and powerful He used forced and diplomacy (made deals with foreign powers) to secure the Ohio River Valley Washington sent the Federal Army to fight the combined tribes of the valley at the Battle of Fallen Timbers The Tribes thought England would help them, they didn’t

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office How did George Washington open the West for settlers? “Treaty of Greenville a.They lost and were forced to sign the “Treaty of Greenville” giving up all claims to the Ohio River Valley b.This opened the west up and US Emigrants flooded into the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What was the Whiskey Rebellion? As part of his economic plan Hamilton put a tax on whiskey This caused hardship for the poor farmers on the western frontier – they rebelled Property was violatedBecause the tax kept them from being able to make money, they said their Natural Right to Property was violated so they had a Right to Rebel – (Just like Shays Rebellion) Hamilton saw this as a chance for the Federal Government to show that it was in charge of the country He convinced Washington to lead the Federal Army against the Rebel Washington crushed the Rebels showing the Federal Government had complete control

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office How did American’s feel about the French Revolution? In France a revolution against King Louis 16th had begun inspired and cause by the American Revolution France’s people were starving because the French Government went broke funding the US Revolution Most Americans felt the revolution was a good thing But England and the Kings of Europe hated it and started a war to stop it And Hamilton and the Federalist were afraid of it. Washington kept the US out it so the US could keep doing business in with all countries in Europe

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What was Jay’s Treaty? What was Pinckney’s Treaty? John Jay (Federalist) strengthened the US’s ties to England with “Jay’s Treaty” US agreed not to help France England agreed not to attack US ships in the Caribbean anymore England gave up all claims to Ohio River Valley Thomas Pinckney (Federalist) strengthen the US by getting a treaty with Spain – “Pinckney’s Treaty” US agreed not to help France US could use Mississippi as a trade route Us could store trade goods in New Orleans

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office How did Americans feel about the Treaties? The Federalist Party supported the treaties and wanted to help England crush the French Revolution The Democratic Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson were against the treaties and wanted to help the French

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 1: George Washington’s Years in Office What advice did Washington give when he left office? Washington left office after two terms making this a tradition (8 years) In his Fare-Well Address (Speech) he gave the US some very good advice He said “Stay out of European Wars” do business with everyone He said “Avoid Party Politics” If the party became more important than the “Constitution” Checks and Balances wouldn’t work Washington more than any other man defined what it meant to be president