Workshop on Emergencies and Crises GIZA, EGYPT, 17 – 18 January 2011 The principles of the EU animal disease control measures and the most important implementation tools Jorgen M. Westergaard

OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION 1. The EU structure, organisation & legal procedures 2. Principles of control measures and implementation tools 3. Information on infectious diseases in EU 4. Trade aspects 5. The EU Animal Health Strategy

WHAT IS THE EU? Not a State replacing existing States Not an international organization The EU is UNIQUE Member States: - have Common Institutions - make decisions on matters of joint interest - have obligatory cooperation on political, economical and legal matters

The European Union 27 Member States 5 Candidate Countries more than 4 million km² 493 million citizens 22 official languages

WHAT IS THE EUROPEAN UNION? A STRANGE ANIMAL The EU respects - Inter-national treaties/rules - Community legislation - National rules - The Principles of subsidiarity

Populations in the EU Veterinarians Animals at farms Numbers in Cattle 84.5 Sheep 87.0 Pigs Egg laying hens 438.0

EU – KEY DATES 1957 Treaty of Rome - No vets. ( Artc. 30, 36, 43 and 100) 1968 Common Veterinary Policy and creation of: the Standing Veterinary Committee 1960 – 1970 Trade rules for livestock an animal products 1993 The Single market

The single market The Single European Market stands for ‘free movement’ of people, goods, services and capital. On a practical level, it means the possibility for EU citizens to live, work, study and do business throughout the EU Once allowed into the EU, livestock and animal products and food commodities in particular, can be sold in any Member State

EU - KEY DATES 1995 European Medicines Agency (EMEA) 1997 Amsterdam Treaty - Legal basis for animal welfare and food safety measures 1998 Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) 2000 White Paper on Food Safety

EU - KEY DATES 2002 Standing Committe on Food Chain and Animal Health (SCFCAH) 2002 European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) 2005 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2007 New Animal Health Strategy

Challenges for the European Union Vast increase in volume of trade in live animals and animal products in single market Enlargements of the European Union (6 to 27 Member States) Large-scale epidemics (FMD, CSF and AI ) and their media impact Emerging diseases – wildlife,vectorborne( Bluetongue) Diseases that may arrive (RVF, WNF), global warming

European Parliament Council of the EU European Commission Economic & Social Committee Committee of the Regions European Court of Justice European Court of Auditors Advisory Committees Institutional Triangle: Decision Makers Interpretation of law Financial control

CONTROL MEASURES Definitions Disease suspicion Disease confirmation Stamping-out Movement restrictions Cleansing and disifection Re-population of farms Vaccination

LEGISLATION & VETERINARY SCIENCE The informal Scientific Committee 1981 Scientific Veterinary Committee 1997 Scientific Veterinary Commitee 2002 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) DG Research

Zoning - Area restrictions Surveillance Zone y km x km Protection Zone Control by measures defined in the basic legislation Census-identification of holdings Veterinary inspections Clinical and laboratory investigations Biosecurity Movement controls

OUTBREAKS Total 135 NEWCASTLE DISEASE 2002, DENMARK

Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCFCAH) A Regulatory Committee: all Member States are represented and have the right to vote It is chaired by a Commission official TRUST BUILDING

Surveillance Zone y km x km Protection Zone Additional measures Continuous review of the disease situation at the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health and further appropriate measures adopted as necessary. Buffer zone Area B

REGIONALISATION Foot and Mouth Disease,Denmark,1982 Movement restrictions on Island of Funen

The Arab Republic of Egypt

IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS Identification and registration of animals Surveillance programmes Animal disease Notification System (ADNS) Registration of movements of animals and products of animal origin (TRACES) Contingency plans Financial support

IDENTIFICATION and REGISTRATION of ANIMALS I&R system for sheep and goats comprises the following elements: individual identification registers kept on each holding movement document electronic database

Visible eartag Identification Maija Rubīna Food and Veterinary Service Republic of Latvia

Electronic eartag Identification Maija Rubīna Food and Veterinary Service Republic of Latvia

Identification Ruminal bolus Maija Rubīna Food and Veterinary Service Republic of Latvia

ANIMAL DISEASE NOTIFICATION Computerised Animal Disease Notification System (ADNS) Member States (MS) shall notify primary outbreak to the European Commission and other MS within 24 hours Mapping of outbreaks by coordinates in Geographical Information System (GIS) ns/index_en.htm

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Surveillance - Risk areas (AI) in Denmark 25 Oct -1 Dec 2005

TRACES -Trade Control and Expert System Database connecting all Veterinary Administrations in the EU: - Provide information given in certificates accompanying animals and products - Information on movements of commodity - Enhance traceability - Consolidate statistical animal health data - Assist Member States in decision making

TRACES ANIMALS DATA YEAR 2009 CATTLECERTIFICATE Number SHEEP & GOATS CERTIFICATE Number SWINECERTIFICATE Number TOTAL LIVE ANIMALS CERTIFICATE Number

FINANCIAL ASPECTS Council Decision 90/424/EEC on expenditure in the veterinary field - Emergency measures - Contribution to national disease control schemes - Technical and scientific measures - Measures for the protection of animals

Disease outbreaks and Conditions for payments Eradication measures have been fully and efficiently implemented in complience with EU legislation Claims submitted in accordance with guidelines Cooperation in connection with on-the-spot- ckecks by the Commission The Member State ensures swift and adequate compensation

Compensation – AI outbreaks Community financial contribution is 50% of costs incurred by the Member State for: - compensation of owners for the killing of poultry or captive birds - destruction of birds, poultry products, cleaning and disinfection, destruction of contaminated feedingstuffs and equipment Emergency vaccination: 100% of the cost of vaccine and 50% of vaccination costs

Eligible costs Culled birds: market value, type of production,stage of life cycle Culling of birds: salaries and fees of culling- men; consumables and specific equipment,transport costs Cleaning and disinfection: salaries and fees for personnell employed, products for cleaning and disinfection

Swift compensation Swift: payment within 90 days after culling of birds Reduce payments to Member States: ReductionPayment at days 25% % 106 – % 121 – %Beyond 136 days

FMD POLICY Report from the Commission to the Council on policies applied by Member States on FMD, SEC(89), 1731 Final Non-vaccination less costly than a pan- vaccination policy.

Foot and Mouth Disease No outbreaks in the EU from In 2001 a large number of outbreaks in the UK

EU VACCINE BANK, 2001 CONCENTRATED PURIFIED ANTIGENS TYPEMIL.DSITE A (5)13.9FR;IT; UK ASIA1 5.0IT;UK C 5.0IT;UK O (2) 10.0FR;IT UK SAT1, 2&3 2.0FR; UK

Rabies – Oral vaccination oral vaccination starts Rabies reduced

Rabies – Oral vaccination

TRADE -Rinderpest 1920 and OIE 1924 Cattle from India to Brazil via Antwerp

TRADE ASPECTS Trade between EU Member States Import into the EU Assessment of exporting country - Animal health status - Regularity and rapidity of supplying information to OIE - Animal health legislation - Structure & powers of veterinary services - Implementation of control measures - Policy on import of animals & products

RISK ANALYSIS Risk management Policy based Risk assessment Science based Risk communication Interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risks EFSA

RISK ANALYSIS COMMISSION COUNCIL PARLIAMENT Risk management Policy based Risk assessment Science based Risk communication Interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risks

PUBLICATION 2008

CONCLUSION EU Control Measures Good interaction between: Science-Legislation- Management Trust building: Great efforts for having openes and transparency Increase of disease preventive measures PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE!