Chapter 12.1 Notes/Vocabulary The Industrial Revolution in America

The Industrial Revolution A Need for Change ●The Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain Industrial Revolution - a period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the 1700’s Textile Industry Textiles - cloth items _____________________________________________________________________________________ ●Richard Arkwright invented the water frame ●Because the water frame was large and used water, merchants built large textile mills or factories next to rivers and streams.

New Machines and Processes Samuel Slater- skilled British mechanic/disguised himself as farmer/memorized designs of textile machines/immigrated to the US/opened first mill with Smith Brown in Pawtucket, Rhode Island A manufacturing breakthrough ____________________________________________________________________________________ technology- the tools used to produce items or to do work Slater and his secrets ●Most mills were built in the Northeast because they had the money and this area had many rivers and streams ●Fewer mills were built in the South as investors focused more on expanding agriculture Eli Whitney- inventor/gave officials proposal for mass-producing guns for US government/promised to build 10,000 muskets in two years interchangeable parts- parts of a machine that are identical

New Machines and Processes ●Machines that produce matching parts became the standard in the industry and led to mass production Whitney’s Influence mass production- the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods

Manufacturing Grows Slowly ●Why work in a factory when you could own our own land? ●Lower British prices made it difficult for American companies to compete Things changed after the War of 1812 ●US factory workers wanted higher wages compared to those workers in Britain ●American Investors didn’t want to spend the money to build factories and machinery ●Americans realized they were relying too much on Britain for their manufactured goods ●Americans bought from one another/expanded factories/Banks began lending money/US manufacturing and sales improved drastically