The Vietnam War CHAPTER 30 LESSON #2
Roots of the Conflict Vietnam was originally a French colony Taken over by Japanese during WWII Vietnamese wanted independence after war French fought to keep it and lost Battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954
The Geneva Accords Allied counties including S.U., China, and Vietnam Met in Geneva, Switzerland Split Vietnam into 2 parts Communist North Non-communist South Ngo Dinh Dien (South leader) Went after communists in south Vietcong – South Vietnamese communist guerilla group formed Ho Chi Minh (North leader) 1959 – Began war against South Vietnam Ngo Dinh Dien Ho Chi Minh
American Role Grows Domino Effect US feared communism would spread throughout SE Asia Eisenhower sent money and military aid to South Vietnam Kennedy agreed with Eisenhower Sent Special Forces to act as advisors to train troops Pushed Diem to make changes so people wouldn’t want communism (didn’t work) US backed out Diem assassinated US back in Kennedy assassinated
The Conflict Deepens 1963: US troops = 16,000 in Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): Vietnamese patrol boats attack US ships Congress passes a resolution Gave president power to use armed forces 1965: Johnson escalates troop involvement 1965: 180,000 – 1968: 500,000 Operation Rolling Thunder (bombing campaign) Ho Chi Minh Trail – North Vietnamese supply line More bombs dropped on Vietnam than on Axis powers in WWII!
The Difficult Fight Vietnam hard to fight in Jungle, swamps, muddy, rice fields, mountains, bugs, booby traps Vietcong used guerilla tactics Attack then hide Couldn’t tell who was enemy Napalm Burned vegetation and enemy Agent Orange Chemical used to destroy vegetation Caused serious health problems for Americans and Vietnamese
Growing Discontent Many thought war would not last long Search and Destroy tactic: Seek out enemy using troops and aircraft Call in gunships to destroy enemy Killed thousands of Vietnamese Still not enough! War started to drag on Bombing did not seem to work North Vietnamese supplies continued south Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense Believed US strategy was not working American opposition to war was growing