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What type of chemicals are DNA and RNA?

Nucleic acids

Which of the following is a stimulus? -gravity -sunlight -sound

All of those things!

What is homeostasis

The maintenance of an organism’s stable internal conditions.

If you subtract the water from a 100 kilogram organism, how much mass would remain?

Approximately 30 Kilograms

What chemical is necessary for almost all metabolic processes?

Water!

What are three types of lipids and what does each do?

-Fats…energy -oils…energy -phospholipids…structural (cell membrane)

Are proteins a source of energy?

No! They are building blocks for cell repair and enzymes. There are some other types too, but they are not a direct energy source.

What are enzymes and what do they do?

They are special proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

What are six characteristics that all living things share?

1. Made of cells 2. Grow and develop (and die) 3. Reproduce 4. Respond to stimulus 5. Composed of certain chemicals (like DNA, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fats, and oils) 6. Use energy for metabolism

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving one parent that produces offspring that identical to itself.

What is sexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving two parents that produces offspring that is a product of a mix of genetic information from both.

DNA can be made up of thousands of_____

Nucleotides

What is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate. It is the nucleotide that provides metabolic energy. Note: ATP does NOT store energy…it is used immediately. Carbs, fats…they store energy.

What is photosynthesis? How about cellular respiration?

The process by which plants convert the energy from sunlight into food. How about organisms making energy from food ?

Organisms that obtain their energy by eating other organisms are called________

Consumers or Heterotrophs

Organisms that meet their energy needs by making their own food are called____________

Producers or Autotrophs

Cell membranes are composed of what type of compound?

Phospholipids

Which of the following of environments are more difficult to maintain homeostasis within and why? -Open ocean -Desert

Desert- a far less stable environment with drastic changes in temperature and very little water. It is easier to maintain stable internal conditions if the environment is stable. The ocean is pretty stable compared to the craziness of the desert.

What are two types of carbohydrates? What type of energy do they provide (short, med., or long term)?

Simple and Complex Medium term energy storage.

What is the problem with stating that all living things need air?

While many living things do need air (such as ourselves), there are many organisms that do not. There are gases in the mixture that we call air that are important (N 2, O 2, & CO 2 for example) but not all organisms use them directly from air and some archaebacteria use gases that aren’t abundant in air at all.

Of what are proteins made?

Amino acids

What are four basic needs of living things?

1.Living Space 2. Water 3. A source of Energy (for us…that’s called food) 4. Maintain homeostasis

What are five types of chemicals that are essential to most living things?

1.Carbohydrates 2.Proteins 3.Lipids (fats, oils, phospholipids) 4.Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) 5.ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate: chemical energy for cellular metabolism)

Are viruses living things? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.

No! A virus is neither made of cells nor can it reproduce without a host cell.

What makes the cell membrane so unique?

It is a phospholipid bilayer (two layers of phospholipid molecules). The hydrophilic heads face outward, and the hydrophobic tails face inward. This makes the membrane waterproof.