Kingdom Plantae

Plant cells have… A.Cell membrane B.Cell wall C.Both D.Neither

Which of the following is a plant cell? A BC

What are plant cell walls made of? A.Cellulose B.Peptidoglycan C.Chitin D.None of the above

Characteristics of Plants Eukaryotic Cell walls made of cellulose Contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll Plant cells contain a nucleus, which makes them eukaryotic. The chloroplasts allow plants to photosynthesize & make their own sugars (autotrophs).

The Evolution of Plants Evolved from a green algae ancestor (protist) that was dependent on water for reproduction Eventually, plants evolved characteristics that allowed them to live on land. Perks to living on land included unlimited sunlight, abundant CO 2, & there were few herbivores.

The Evolution of Plants The evolution of seeds & vascular tissue allowed plants to survive on dry land. The protective coating keeps the seed from drying out, so a constant supply of water was no longer needed. Vascular tissue allows plants to obtain resources from the soil & the air.

Important Tissues in Plants

Vascular Tissue Tissue that moves water & nutrients through the plant against the force of gravity This allows plants to be taller than just a few centimeters!

Vascular Tissue Xylem: transports water Phloem: transports nutrients & carbohydrates

Xylem & Phloem Video

Meristematic Tissue Only area of the plant that will produce more cells by mitosis Consists of cells that continue to divide to form new cells & will eventually form specialized tissues Onion Root Tip

Meristematic tissue near the tips of roots & stems is called apical meristem.

What type of tissue do you see in the cross section of the celery stalk? A.Vascular B.Meristematic C.Neither D.Both

Which type of tissue contains cells that are constantly dividing? A.Vascular B.Meristematic C.Both D.Neither

Which type of tissue creates the organs of the plant? A.Vascular B.Meristematic C.Both D.Neither The unspecialized cells will eventually specialize & become the roots, stem, etc.

How do plants make sugar for energy? A.Alcoholic Fermentation B.Photosynthesis C.Both D.They don’t use energy.

Photosynthesis Cells use sugar to make energy, but plants don’t “consume” like we do. Plant cells use chloroplasts to make their own sugars.

Arrange the cards into the photosynthesis reaction.

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sun  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.

How is the glucose (sugar) made into energy? A.Alcoholic Fermentation B.Bacteria inside of the plant break the sugar down. C.Cellular Respiration D.All of the above

Cellular Respiration Plants can make their own sugar, but that sugar still needs to be made into ATP. Plant cells need both chloroplasts & mitochondria!

Arrange the cards into the cellular respiration reaction.

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (ATP) Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.

What type of energy is needed to perform photosynthesis? A.Thermal B.Chemical C.Solar D.All of the above

What type of energy is created in CR? A.Chemical B.Thermal C.Solar D.All of the above