GAME PLAN Study Guide Review

# 1 This movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.

#2 Exocytosis is a type of active transport where the cell removes large particles from the cell. Endocytosis is the opposite of exocytosis because large particles are brought in instead of removed.

#3 3. Plants use photosynthesis to make glucose. 4. During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down food molecules releasing large amounts of energy. 5. Mitosis is when the nucleus and chromosomes are dividing. Cytokinesis is when the cell membrane (animal and plant) or the cell wall (plants) is dividing.

6. Active transport requires energy and passive transport does not. 7. Cellular respiration creates energy using oxygen and fermentation creates energy without using oxygen (less efficient and causes the build-up of lactic acid). 8. C 9. A

10. D 11. C 12. Endocytosis and Exocytosis are both examples of active transport which requires energy because the particles are either too large to go through the cell membrane or are moving against the concentration gradient. 13. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

#14 1. Interphase: Chromosomes are copied. 2. Mitosis 1. Prophase – Chromosomes condense into rod like structures 2. Metaphase – Chromosomes line up in the middle 3. Anaphase – Chromosomes separate to opposite ends 4. Telophase – Nuclear membranes form and chromosomes unwind 3. Cytokinesis – Cell wall or membrane is formed (depends on the type of cell)

#15 Cell Cycle Eukaryote 2. Mitosis Prokaryote 1. Interphase Chromosome Duplication 3. Cytokinesis Binary Fission