Cell Reproduction  Prokaryotes Bacteria  Eukaryotes Plants & animals Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM1

Prokaryotes  Lack a nucleus  Have a single chromosome  Reproduce by binary fission  Include bacteria Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM2

Steps in Binary Fission  Used by bacteria  Cells increase their cell mass slightly  DNA & cell components are replicated  Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM3

Binary Fission of Bacterial Cell Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM4

E. Coli Dividing by Binary Fission Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM5

Eukaryotes  Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles  Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM6

Cell Cycle  Stages in growth & division  G1 Phase  S Phase  G2 Phase  M Phase  Cytokinesis Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM7

G1 Phase  First growth stage  Cell increases in size  Cell prepares to copy its DNA Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM8

Synthesis Phase  Copying of all of DNA’s instructions  Chromosomes duplicated Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM9

G2 Phase  Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis  Cell continues growing  Needed proteins produced Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM10

M Phase  Cell growth & protein production stop  Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells  Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division) Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM11

Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end. Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM12

Interphase – Resting Stage  Cells carrying on normal activities  Chromosomes aren’t visible  Cell metabolism is occurring  Occurs before mitosis Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM13

Interphase Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM14

Stages of Mitosis  Prophase  Metaphase  Anaphase  Telophase Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM15

Cells Undergoing Mitosis Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM16

Steps in Prophase  DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes  Nuclear membrane disappears  Nuceolus disappears  Centrioles migrate to poles  Spindle begins to form Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM17

Prophase Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM18

Eukaryotic Chromosome Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM19

Human Chromosomes Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM20

Steps in Metaphase  Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome  Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes  Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM21

Metaphase Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM22

Steps in Anaphase  Cell chromosomes are separated  Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM23

Mitotic Spindle Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM24

Anaphase Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM25

Steps in Telophase  Separation of chromosomes completed  Cell Plate forms (plants)  Cleavage furrow forms(animals)  Nucleus & nucleolus reform  Chromosomes uncoil Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM26

Telophase Plant Animal Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM27

Cytokinesis  Occurs after chromosomes separate  Forms two, identical daughter cells Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM28

Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells Coley - Cell Division6/24/2016 7:08 AM29