Classifying Living Things Chapter 7 Notes

Millions of Species are Classified About 400 years ago, scientists began to classify ______ based on their __________ If two organisms looked alike, researchers believed they were _____ Researchers then realized that similarities ____ always mean that they were ____ … take a caterpillar and a worm for instance!

Classification and Taxonomy ______ is the process of grouping organisms based on their _______ _____ is the science of _____ and classifying organisms Cousin?

Classification and Taxonomy When naming organisms, scientists use _____ The reason why we use Latin names is because of _____! Certain organisms that are the same species look different in other parts of the world, but aren’t entirely different yet. European Daddy longlegs American Daddy longlegs

How Do We Classify Things? Scientists use ___ and ___ Some are easy to see the ___ (fur or no fur) Some are a bit more tricky (___ ) The more characteristics two organisms ___, the ___ their names will be in the classification system

Biological Relationships ___ comes from the ___ word taxis (arrangement) A ___ is a group of organisms that ___ They can be ___ (animals and plants) They can be ___ (cats and tulips) A ___ found in a fossil record might be the ancestor of many different species found on Earth today

Biological Relationships To determine where to put an organism, scientists compare characteristics, known as ___ Such as bone structure or size ___ use this classification system to see if they can find ___

Physical Evidence Early scientists classified animals using their ___ and ___ tools, like rulers Size Color ___ What they eat Scientists compare ___ of extinct species to living species ___ shows how an organism lived and moved

Genetic Evidence Today, scientists use ___ to catalog each sequence of an organism’s DNA Scientists use ___ to compare one organism to another ___ usually supports physical evidence, but not always Red pandas live in the same habitat, eat the same food, and have similar face structures to giant pandas. Red pandas are more closely related to raccoons than to pandas, though!

___ Paintings or photographs of familiar species put into a book It’s a good way to ___ an organism if you are out hiking, fishing, or being nature-y Bird guides are popular for people who bird watch Fish guides are popular among people who fish in large lakes and oceans with great ___

Seven Levels of Classification ___ developed systems for naming organisms and ___ them into groups. He classified ___ species of ___ and ___ Today, scientists have classified over ___ Sometimes only using the ___ for an organism is not enough! Saying that your favorite animal is an owl does not tell us what type of owl is your favorite 7.2

Seven Levels of Classifications ___ - a group of species that have ___ characteristics ___ fall under the genus of Ursus Grizzly bears- Ursus arctos Polar bears- Ursus maritimus Members of the same genus are ___ related When we name organisms with their fancy Latin names, we use ___ (“two names”)

Seven Levels of Classification ___ (Animalia- all animals) ___ (Chordata- animals with backbones) ___ (Mammalia- mammals) ___ (Carnivora- animals that eat meat ___ (Felidae- cats) ___ (Felis- house cats) ___ (specific type of cat)

Seven Levels of Classification

Mnemonic! King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghett i Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Classification Systems Change As scientists make ___, the list of species grows Originally, there were only ___ kingdoms (plants and animals) Today, there are ___ kingdoms

Domains As we learned ___ about organisms, our classification system ___ to include ___ (bigger than kingdoms) A ___ groups the ___ an organism has There are three domains: ___ (no nucleus, unicellular) Archaea (no nucleus, unicellular, different from bacteria) ___ (nucleus, unicellular or multicellular)

Kingdoms There are six kingdoms in the current classification system ___ - plants ___ - animals ___ - unicellular or simple multicellular organisms ___ - mushrooms, molds, and yeasts ___ - similar to bacteria, but perform different functions ___ - …bacteria

___ About ___ plant species on Earth Multicellular ___ (have a nucleus) All plants make sugar using the Sun’s energy ___ Grow ___

Animalia Over ___ species on Earth 90% of species in Animalia are ___ Get their energy by ___ or by eating food made by organisms Can move and grow Most have mouths and ___ system Eukaryotic (have nucleus) No cell wall

___ Wide ___ of organisms Mostly ___ Multicellular are very simple- not specialized Large, complex ___ cells Some eat other organisms, some get energy from sunlight Most live in water ___ is Protista (what?) Different groups ___ from different ancestors

___ Usually divided into ___ categories: ___ Take nutrients from ___ instead of eating organisms or using sunlight Most have ___ Do not move Act as ___ to break down materials

Archaea ___, but have specific genetic differences Do not have a nucleus (___ ) Live in many ___, especially ocean Also can live in ___ like boiling mud geysers or at the bottom of the ocean

___ Live nearly anywhere on Earth Most are ___ to humans, but some can harm us Unicellular Small, ___ with no nucleus ___ that is different from plant/fungi wall Reproduce by ___ (dividing in two) Can reproduce in a ___ of time