Bell Ringer Explain the XYZ Affair – what impact does this have? Do you believe Adams’ presidency was a success or a failure, why?

Election of 1800 Sedition Act and federal taxes very unpopularSedition Act and federal taxes very unpopular Adams ran for president but people disliked himAdams ran for president but people disliked him Tie between Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr (both demo-reps)Tie between Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr (both demo-reps) Vote went to the House of Representatives.Vote went to the House of Representatives. Hamilton used his influence in support of Jefferson.Hamilton used his influence in support of Jefferson. This enraged Burr. His hatred of Hamilton increased until it led to the famous duel in 1804 in which Hamilton dies.This enraged Burr. His hatred of Hamilton increased until it led to the famous duel in 1804 in which Hamilton dies.

THE AGE OF JEFFERSON

I. Jefferson Becomes President a)March 4, 1801 b)Thomas Jefferson is the first President in the new capital city of Washington DC c)He delivers his first inaugural address. Essential principles of government.

d. The Republican “Revolution” i.The Republican Revolution i.Policies no longer follow Federalists 1. Like Washington/Adams ii.Major government changes i.Smaller size – army, navy bureaucracy ii.Respect public opinion and allow public criticism iii.Respect the authority of individual states iv.Cut debts v.Government to be for the people = keep it simple

e. New Policies i.Abandon Alien and Sedition Acts 1. Need for free speech ii.National debt should be paid down 1. Took it from $80 million to $57 million 2. Cut army, navy, size of government 3. Increased foreign trade 4. Increased ability to move west

II. John Marshall A.Background information i.Federalist = Broadly interpreted the Constitution ii.Chief Justice of the Supreme Court iii.Appointed last minute by outgoing president John Adams B.Father of the Supreme Court C.Had a major impact on the way the judicial branch checked and balanced the rest of the government. i. Made them coequal.

d. Interpreting the Constitution i. Supreme Court should check government ii. Federal laws are greater than state laws iii. Interpreted the Constitution to find implied powers for the national government iv. Limited the power of state governments to interfere with businesses

Marbury V. Madison William Marbury 1. Federalist 2. Appointed last minute by John Adams as justice for the District of Columbia VS. James Madison 1. Secretary of State 2. Refused to deliver papers for Marbury’s appointment

Impact of Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review : Supreme Court has power to review Congress and President –Decides what is unconstitutional Judicial review used as a check against other branches Supreme Court still strong today Marshall focused on implied powers needed for a strong National Government

Barbary War

Reexport Trade

British Impressment

III. Jefferson Troubles a.Barbary War i.Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli ii.Seizing American ships in Mediterranean Sea iii.Washington and Adams bought immunity from pirates and paid protection money iv.Jefferson wanted to do the same but the price increased v.In reaction Jefferson sent small American navy to blockade a port vi.Won peace – ended Barbary War

b. Reexport Trade i.Population growing in U.S so it was needed to expand overseas market because of a extra produce ii.War in Europe allowed U.S to export goods to the French iii.American merchants shipped to France iv.Created a boom for the American economy v.British hated reexport trade 1. Helped the French economy (Napoleon’s army) 2. Helped U.S. become Britain’s commercial competitor

c. British Impressments i.British navy angered the U.S. by taking American sailors from ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy ii.British insisted anyone born within empire was a British subject iii.Federalists: British actions unfortunate but trade with them more valuable iv.Demo-Republicans: British insulted U.S. and threatened economy v.British attacked warship Chesapeake – Americans very angry

d. Jefferson asks for embargo i.U.S. lacked large navy ii.Jefferson did not want to undermine policies of reducing debt and keeping taxes low iii.Alternative solution – embargo = suspending trade by ordering American ships to stay in port iv.Thought would force Britain to close factories but British found other markets v.Hurt U.S. farmers, threw Americans out of work, bankrupted merchants vi.Jefferson admitted failure – lifted embargo before presidency over vii.James Madison – Demo-Republican elected