Unit 2 Mendel and Heredity

1. Passing of traits from parent to offspring 2. Two forms of a gene are called this 3. The physical appearance of an organism 4. Genotype referring to as being “pure” 5. Used to solve genetic crosses 6. Genetic make-up of an organism refers to its __ 7. Version of gene that is always seen (capital letter) 8. Refers to offspring of the first generation 9. Law where gametes randomly pair to produce 4 combinations of alleles 10. When 2 alleles for the trait differ from each other

1. Heredity 2. Alleles 3. Phenotype 4. Homozygous 5. Punnett Square 6. Genotype 7. Dominant 8. F1 or first filial 9. Law of Segregation 10. Heterozygous

Unit 2 - Mendelian Genetics (Ch. 10 & 12) 1.Define Genetics & Heredity 2.Interpret a pedigree with inherited traits 3.Identify key terms, including: Homozygous, Heterozygous, Hybrid, Purebred, Pedigree, Genotype, Phenotype, Parental generation (P1), First Filial (F1) generation, 4.Predict outcomes of genetic crosses, including complete inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and dihybrid crosses. 5.Analyze Punnett Squares & predict the expected phenotypic & genotypic ratios 6.Describe the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of Segregation 7.Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits 8.Identify the different forms of a gene 9.Compare/contrast somatic and gametic cells in Haploid and Diploid 10.Identify what a Karyotype is and how it can be used to identify genetic mutations 11.Distinguish among Dominant & Recessive conditions & those in which an extra chromosome exists or is removed

Unit 2 - Mendelian Genetics (Ch. 10 & 12) 1.Define Genetics & Heredity 2.Interpret a pedigree with inherited traits 3.Identify key terms, including: Homozygous, Heterozygous, Hybrid, Purebred, Pedigree, Genotype, Phenotype, Parental generation (P1), First Filial (F1) generation, 4.Predict outcomes of genetic crosses, including complete inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and dihybrid crosses. 5.Analyze Punnett Squares & predict the expected phenotypic & genotypic ratios 6.Describe the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of Segregation 7.Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits 8.Identify the different forms of a gene 9.Compare/contrast somatic and gametic cells in Haploid and Diploid 10.Identify what a Karyotype is and how it can be used to identify genetic mutations 11.Distinguish among Dominant & Recessive conditions & those in which an extra chromosome exists or is removed

 4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!

 Incomplete Dominance  Co-dominant Inheritance  Multiple Allelic Inheritance  Sex-Linked Inheritance  Polygenic Inheritance  Dihybrid Crosses

RR x rr Red x White All RW All Pink 1 RR: 2 Rr: 1rr 1Red: 2 Pink: 1 White

In four o’clocks, the genes for red flowers, R, and white flowers, R’, show incomplete dominance. The heterozygous condition results in pink. A gardener crosses a red four o’clock with a pink one. 1. What is the expected phenotypic ratio? (Show your work.) 2. What is the expected phenotypic ratio?

R r RR R R Rr RR x Rr Genotype: 2 RR : 2 Rr Phenotype: 2 Red : 2 Pink

Codominant Alleles - cause the phenotype of both homozygotes to be produced in heterozygous individuals

In cattle, the genes for red hair, R, and white hair, W, show co-dominance. The heterozygous condition results in a roan, where both colors show. A farmer crosses a white cow with a roan one. 1. What is the expected phenotypic ratio? (Show your work.) 2. What is the expected phenotypic ratio?

R W RW W W WW WW x RW Genotype: 2 RW : 2 WW Phenotype: 2 Roan : 2 White

Multiple Alleles - trait controlled by more than two alleles *Only two alleles of a gene can exist within a diploid cell

Sex-linked traits - traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes Polygenic inheritance - trait controlled by more than two genes *all heterozygotes are intermediate in phenotype.

Autosomes - matching homologous chromosomes Sex chromosomes - determine the sex of an individual Karyotype:

Mendel’s Dihybrid crosses: 1.Mendel also performed crosses involving two pairs of traits, e.g., seed shape (smooth vs. wrinkled) and color (yellow vs. green). 2.If alleles sort independently, four possible phenotypes (2 n ) appear in the F 2 generation in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Law of Independent Assortment - genes for different traits are inherited independently of one another. Independent Assortment animation

Law of Independent Assortment vs. Segregation

Dihybrid cross: Possible Gametes

Cross the following: SSgg x ssGG

Unit 2 - Mendelian Genetics (Ch. 10 & 12) 1.Define Genetics & Heredity 2.Interpret a pedigree with inherited traits 3.Identify key terms, including: Homozygous, Heterozygous, Hybrid, Purebred, Pedigree, Genotype, Phenotype, Parental generation (P1), First Filial (F1) generation, 4.Predict outcomes of genetic crosses, including complete inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and dihybrid crosses. 5.Analyze Punnett Squares & predict the expected phenotypic & genotypic ratios 6.Describe the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of Segregation 7.Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits 8.Identify the different forms of a gene 9.Compare/contrast somatic and gametic cells in Haploid and Diploid 10.Identify what a Karyotype is and how it can be used to identify genetic mutations 11.Distinguish among Dominant & Recessive conditions & those in which an extra chromosome exists or is removed

 4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!