Chapter 10

 Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Understand

10.1

 IEEE wireless standards  2.4GHz & 5GHz  Moving away from 2.4GHz  Congested with other devices  Most channels overlap, causing interruption 1, 6, 11 DO NOT OVERLAP

 STA  Device w/ wireless card installed  Infrastructure wireless network  Devices use a Wireless Access Point (WAP or AP) to handle communication  Star topology  Ad hoc wireless network  Intermediate Basic Service Set (IBSS)  Devices communicate directly with each other; peer to peer  No Access Point is used  Mesh topology

 BSS (Basic Service Set)  Devices that talk to an AP on the same channel  ESS (Extended Service Set)  BSS’ that connect together  Each AP on a separate channel  AP’s connect together

 Backhaul  Link between AP & wired network  Allows AP to talk to wired network  Allows AP to talk to other wireless clients in another BSS  SSID (Service Set Identifier)  Name of the wireless network

 Ethernet uses CSMA/CD to talk on the wired network  Takes turns talking, detects collisions, backoff  Wireless uses CSMA/CA  Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance  STA listens for wireless signals; busy=wait  STA sends a RTS (Request to Send) message to AP  CTS (Clear to Send) comes back from AP All other communications backoff for milliseconds  Message sent to destination

 TestOut Fact Sheet  TestOut Practice Questions (5)

10.2

 Many devices use wireless  Cordless Phones 2.4GHz Interference  Microwave Ovens Interference  Range  Solid Walls a problem  Not as fast as, or reliable as, wired  Security  Wireless is east to access & can be intercepted Authentication & Encryption now used

 Specifies data speed, range, RF spectrum  IEEE standards, Wi-Fi  a, b, g, n, ac  Wi-Fi Alliance tests devices from manufacturer  Will work with other devices w/ same logo

 1999  2.4GHz  11Mbps  150ft range indoors  300 ft range outdoors

 1999  5GHz  Unused at that time  Less congestion  54Mbps (faster than B)  NOT compatible with b/g/n  150ft range  Originally too expensive

 2003  2.4GHz  54Mbps  150ft range indoors  300 ft range outdoors  Compatible with b

 2.4Ghz  600Mbps  Up to 12000ft range  Backwards compatible b/g

 5GHz (for faster speeds) & 2.4GHz  Up to 1.3Gbps  150ft range  Backwards compatible with b/g/n

Standard Maximum Speed Frequency Backwards compatible a b g n ac

Standard Maximum Speed Frequency Backwards compatible a 54 Mbps5 GHzNo b 11 Mbps2.4 GHzNo g 54 Mbps2.4 GHz802.11b n 600 Mbps2.4 GHz or 5 GHz802.11b/g ac 1.3 Gbps (1300 Mbps) 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz802.11b/g/n

 You’d like to add wireless with speeds up to 1.3Gbps. Which spec should you buy?  ac  What is the max speed of G?  54Mbps  What connects wireless devices to a wired network?  AP  What wireless spec is not compatible with others?  a

 What could interfere with a wireless signal?  Cordless phones, microwaves, solid walls  b, g, and n all operate on what frequency?  2.4GHz  n & ac operate on what frequency?  5GHz  Which 3 channels are non-overlapping on 2.4GHz?  1, 6, 11

 Channel is a frequency  b/g has 11 channels to use  Channels overlap  1, 6, 11 are separate  Multiple APs are used  Use separate channels since they overlap so they don’t interfere with each other

 23 non-overlapping channels  It’s much easier to keep same-channel cells from touching

 Adds transmit & receive antennas/radios to the AP

 Allows antennae to divide streams to multiple devices

 Personal Area Network (PAN)   2.4GHz  Short range (up to 100m)  Bluetooth 3.0 & 4.0  Use link to connect  Use WiFi for data transfer, up to 24mbps

 TestOut Configuring Bluetooth Connections Video  TestOut Fact Sheet Review  TestOut Practice Questions (13)

10.3

 Connect  Plug into switch, go to browser, enter IP  Press WPS buttons on both devices (stay close)  Change password  SSID & disable broadcast  Network Mode (a/b/g/n/ac/mixed)  Security/encryption  Channel width  20 or 40 MHz or Auto  Channels  Set for both 2.4 & 5 GHz

 Use Chrome

 Service Set Identifier  Name of wireless network  Case-sensitive & up to 32 characters  All of your devices MUST have same SSID  Should disable the Broadcast of SSID  Change Router/AP password from default

 You can change the hostname & IP from default  People know or can lookup the default IP for the config and could change the settings!

 Choose your type of wireless  If all use N, select N  Mixed clients? Choose Mixed  Mixed- more overhead; slower performance  Channel width  At home, leave on Auto  Channel  With only 1 AP, leave at Auto  Change if getting interference/drops

 Clients authenticate to AP 1 st before communication  Pre-Shared Key (PSK)  Choose a passphrase  Enterprise  Set up a RADIUS server

 How data is encrypted when sent between client and AP  None- BAD CHOICE!  WEP  WEAKEST with only bits  WPA Personal (WPA-PSK)  WPA Enterprise  Requires RADIUS server  WPA2 Personal (WPA2-PSK)  Max 256 bits  WPA2 Enterprise  Requires RADIUS server

 Use your device’s MAC address to limit connectivity to your KNOWN devices  You pre-configure the MACs in the AP  The AP will check its list  Only those in list will connect

 Typo on the MAC address  New devices can’t enter network without adding Mac to the AP configuration  MAC address cloning  Sniff network traffic (MAC address in packet)  Find MAC addresses on that network  Change your MAC address to match one on the target network.

Use all of the following to secure your wireless network: 1. Change the router IP address 2. Change the router password from the default 3. Change the SSID & disable the broadcast 4. Use MAC Address Filtering 5. Authentication (PSK) 6. Encryption (WPA2)

 TestOut Create a Home Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Secure a Home Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Configure Wireless Profiles LAB  TestOut Practice Questions (4)

10.4

 Gather requirements  Identify expectations  Identify design considerations  Conduct mapping  Perform bandwidth planning  Conduct site survey  TestOut Wireless Network Design Video  PLEASE pay attention to it

 Regular or high gain  Measured in decibels (12dB or more for high gain)  Omnidirectional antenna  360 degree signal  Used in Access Points  Directional antenna  Concentrate signal in one direction for better distance  Connects networks 25 miles or more apart

 Used to bridge wireless networks  Example: GCIT to BBE wirelessly  Yagi antenna

 TestOut Conducting a Wireless Survey Video  TestOut Design an Indoor Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Design an Outdoor Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Practice Questions (9)

10.5

 Use a wireless controller and LWAP  Controller connects to AP by wire  Controller connects to wired network too  Controller acts as a router to wired network  Sends config to LWAP

 Distributed wireless mesh  Still uses controller  APs are smart enough to talk to each other too

 TestOut Implement an Enterprise Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Practice Questions (4)  TestOut Wireless Security Video  Only review from Encryption down

10.6

 Unauthorized AP on a network  Employee or person adds their own AP on a free port  Can be used just for  Getting wireless access  Pharming- people connect & enter credentials on a fake website; attacker steals credentials

 Rogue AP set up with same SSID as legit AP but with stronger signal  People connect to it  Attacker can sniff, phish, capture data

 Driving & looking for unsecure or weak (WEP) network to gain access to it or mark on a map

 Drive & find open networks  Mark with chalk on sidewalk or building to tell others it’s an open network

 Snorting or snarfing  Attacker sets WiFi card to Monitor Mode to listen to packets over the radio waves

 Jamming a wireless signal so others can’t use it

 TestOut Secure an Enterprise Wireless Network LAB  TestOut Practice Questions (15)

10.7

 What are some things you should check?

 Wireless adapter turned on? ***COMMON***  Correct SSID?  Matching security settings?  Correct passphrase?  Correct wireless standard?  Too far from AP?  Solid walls between you and the AP?  Interference from EMI, RFI, cordless phones, microwave ovens?  Correct antenna & placement?

 TestOut Exploring Wireless Network Problems LAB  TestOut Troubleshoot Wireless Network Problems 1  TestOut Troubleshoot Wireless Network Problems 2  TestOut Practice Questions (15)

 Complete the study guide handout  Complete TestOut  Practice in Packet Tracer  Jeopardy review

Chapter 10