Shamina buys three apples that cost 40 p each and four bananas that cost 25 p each. She pays with a £10 note. How much change should Shamina get? Answer £ (Total 3 marks)

(£) 1.20 or (£) 1 seen Or equivalent M1 – Method mark 10 – their 1.20 – their 1 M1 – Method mark 7.80 Strand (i) Correct notation required Do not accept 7.8 Q1 – Quality of written answer Total 3 marks

Q2. Jameel is buying a dining table for £250. He pays a deposit that is half of the cost. (a) How much is the deposit that Jameel pays? Answer £ (1) (b) Jameel will pay the remaining cost in 10 equal payments. How much is each payment? Answer £ (2) (Total 3 marks)

(a) 125 B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (b) M1 – Method mark is M1 –Method mark A (Accuracy marks ) 0 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method follow through marks Total 3 marks

Part (a) was usually well answered. In part (b), although many candidates recognised that they needed to divide by 10, a significant number made errors or used inappropriate money notation, for example £12.5. Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say?

The diagram shows how the seats in a theatre are arranged. There are 687 people sitting in the theatre. All of the rows except the back row are completely filled. How many people are sitting in the back row? (Total 4 marks)

15 × 20 or 16 × 25 or 14 × 20 M1 – Method mark (their 300) + (their 400) or 700 or (their 280) + (their 400) or 680 M1 – Method mark (20 –){(their 700) – 687} or (20 –) 13 or 687 – (their 680) M1 - Method mark 7 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method Total 4 marks

In a quiz there are ten questions. Each correct answer gains five points. Each wrong answer loses two points. (a) Liz gave ten correct answers. How many points did she get altogether? Answer (1) (b) Glen gave seven correct answers and three wrong answers. How many points did he get altogether? Answer (3) (c) Iqbal answered all ten questions. Explain how Iqbal could get 43 points altogether (2) (Total 6 marks)

( a) 50 B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (b) subtracted from their 35 M1 – Method mark 29 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method 35 M1 – Method mark (c) 9 questions right or 1 question wrong or 45 right 2 wrong B1 45 correct 1 wrong or 9 correct 2 wrong or 45 and 2 seen B2 - Marks awarded independent of method [6]

Most candidates indicated that they were using the correct method in part (b). However, arithmetic slips were extremely common. The most frequent errors in method were = 41, 10 × 5 – 6 = 44 and 7 × 5 – 3 = 32. In part (c) many candidates scored full marks. Some were confused over the 2 points lost for 1 wrong answer, so 9 right, 2 wrong and 8 right, 2 wrong were seen frequently. Weaker candidates worked back from a full score of 50 stating that were wrong. A few candidates were very vague, saying that “some were incorrect”. Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say?

Karl sees this advertisement in a shop window. HOCKEY KIT Shirt £16.50 Pair of Shorts £8.50 SPECIAL OFFER! Buy both items and receive a 10% reduction in price Karl buys both items. How much does he pay? Answer £ (Total 3 marks)

and Worked out separately M1 – Method mark ) – their 2.5(0) – their 1.65 (= 14.85) and 8.50 – their 0.85 (= 7.65) is M2 – Method mark Do not accept 22.5 but M2 implied SC1 Answer or 7.65 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? Foundation Tier A significant number of candidates gained some credit on this question. Many found the total of £25 but were unable to deal with the 10% reduction in any way. Others tried to find 10% of each item separately but this also led to many computational errors. Careless arithmetical errors led some to lose marks. Higher Tier This was answered well with over three quarters gaining full marks. Many others scored 2 marks. Some basic arithmetical errors were made. Considering that the numbers involved were straightforward these were careless mistakes that should have been avoided.

Motorists should drive with a safe gap between their vehicle and the vehicle in front. This graph shows the minimum safe gap between vehicles at different speeds. Different gaps are recommended for wet roads and dry roads. (a) The road is dry. A car is travelling at 30 miles per hour behind a lorry. What is the minimum safe gap between the car and the lorry? Answer (1) (b) Tim is driving at 60 miles per hour on a dry road. He is driving with the minimum safe gap between his car and the car in front. It starts to rain heavily and both cars slow down to 40 miles per hour. Should Tim increase the gap between his car and the car in front to continue driving with the minimum safe gap? You must show clearly how you obtain your answer. (3) (Total 4 marks)

(a) 13 to 14 inclusive B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (b) 26 to 28 seen B1 - Marks awarded independent of method 35 to 37 seen B1 - Marks awarded independent of method Allow incorrect written values if they are correctly and unambiguously indicated on the graph Yes or increase gap (by 9 m) Or equivalent This mark can only be awarded if justified by (their) values from the graph. B1 - Marks awarded independent of method [4]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? In part (a) many candidates managed to find the correct reading using the right line to score one mark but some of these were unable to use this skill to find a correct solution to the functional problem in part (b) with less than 40% scoring both marks. Other candidates misread the scales on the graph and some read values from the wrong lines. Most of the successful candidates showed their working very clearly. Unsuccessful candidates tended to show little or no working.

Cook for 15 minutes at 220 °C Reduce the oven temperature to 160 °C and cook for 40 minutes per kilogram. Here are instructions for cooking a turkey. Kirsty is going to cook a 7 kilogram turkey. She wants to take it out of the oven at 12:45 pm. At what time must she start to cook it? Answer (Total 4 marks)

× 40 or × 40 or 280 M1 – Method mark (their) 295 ÷ 60 or 4 h 55 m (their) 280 ÷ 60 or 4 h 40 m Or equivalent M1 – Method mark 12:45 – (their) 4 h 55 m 12:45 – (their) 4 h 40 m – 15 m M1 – Method mark 07:50 Or equivalent SC3 08:05 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [4]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? About 80% of candidates scored one mark or more with 35% scoring 3 or 4. Poor arithmetic marred attempts at this multi-step functional question with the conversion of minutes to hours and minutes and the subtraction of their time from 12:45 causing a problem for many. Candidates who knew what to do could score 3 marks despite arithmetic errors as long as they showed their method. A common error was to ignore the 15 minutes cooking at 20°C with 08:05 or the working leading to it being seen fairly often.

(a) The basic monthly charge for a mobile phone contract is £35. This includes: Option 1: 300 free minutes of calls and 100 free texts or Option 2: 100 free minutes of calls and unlimited free texts. All other calls are charged at 6p per minute. Extra texts are charged at 10p each. On average, each month, Matt makes 500 minutes of calls and sends 250 texts. Which option should he choose? You must show your working. (5) (b) Viki has a different mobile phone contract. She never sends texts. The graph shows how the total monthly charge is calculated for her mobile phone contract for up to 500 minutes of calls. (i) Write down the basic monthly charge and the number of free minutes of calls. Basic monthly charge £ Number of free minutes of calls (2) (ii) Work out the charge per minute for the other calls. Answer pence (3) (Total 10 marks)

(a) (500 – 300) × 6 or 200 × 6 or (£) 12 or 1200 (250 – 100) × 10 or 150 × 10 or (£) 15 or 1500 Option 1 M1 – Method mark (£) 27 or 62 or 24 or 59 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (500 – 100) × 6 or 400 × 6 Option 2 M1 – Method mark (£) 27 and 24 or 62 and 59 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method Option 2 (cheaper) B1 - Marks awarded independent of method follow through mark

b) (i) £ 25 B1 - Marks awarded independent of method 150 B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (ii) Attempt to read one coordinate between 150 and 500 ± £1 eg, 250, 30 (500, £ inclusive) Allow 350, 42.5 (± 1) Not (150, 25) M1 – Method mark Correct statement eg, £1 for 20 mins £2 for 40 mins £5 for 100 mins £10 for 200 mins Their £17.50 (± 1) for 350 mins or (Their change –25) and (their mins – 150) 0.05 M1 dep - A method mark dependent on a previous method mark being awarded. 5 £0.05 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [10]

This open ended question was an excellent discriminator of the candidates. The standard of presentation varied enormously as did the quality of the responses. In part (a) many candidates realised that it did not matter whether or not the monthly charge was included in the calculations and managed to reach the comparison stage. Common errors included not taking into account the number of free minutes or trying to justify answers in general terms rather than considering the costs. In part (b)(i) common errors were to give £42 for the basic monthly charge and 500 free minutes, the readings from the end of the graph. Although most candidates made a start on part (b)(ii) fully correct answers were rare. Many candidates, having correctly identified an amount of minutes with the cost were unable to divide correctly to obtain the cost per minute, for example £5 for 100 minutes often led to 20 p per minute. Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say?

Coin £150 p20 p10 p5 p2 p1 p Number of coins (a) The table shows the number and type of coins in Jack’s pocket. How much money does Jack have? (2) Coin£2£150 p20 p10 p5 p2 p1 p Number of coins (b) Lucy buys two chocolate bars costing 65 p each. She pays with a £5 note and receives the correct change. She is given exactly five coins. Complete the table to show what these coins could be (3) (Total 5 marks)

(a) 2 ( ) 0.4 ( ) 0.06 (+ 0.01) Allow one error Or equivalent eg, 200 (+ 50 +) 40 (+ 5 +) 6 (+ 1) or 302 This mark can be implied with cumulative additions seen eg, (£)2.90 or (£)2.95 M1 – Method mark (£) 3.02(p) Allow 302 p A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (b) 5 – 1.30 Or equivalent M1 – Method mark (£)3.70 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method £2, £1, 50 p, 2 × 10 p £2, 3 × 50 p, 20 p 3 × £1, 50 p, 20 p Must be 5 coins B1 Marks awarded independent of method

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? Part (a) was a fairly straightforward question that was well done with about two- thirds of candidates gaining full marks. Some candidates failed to score full marks because they showed a correct method but made an error in their calculation. Part (b) of this question assessed the functional elements of mathematics in a fairly straightforward way. Most candidates knew what they had to do and about 50% managed to find one of the correct combinations; only about 15% of candidates scored zero. A number of candidates often worked out the correct change but gave it in four coins rather than the five required. Some scored marks for the correct coins for the incorrect change.

A website shows ticket information for trains from London to Brighton. Key means that a ticket can be bought at the price shown Ticket Depart11:2611:3611:4111:5612:06 Arrive12:2412:2712:4912:5412:58 Advance £16.40 Off-peak £19.00 Anytime £28.50 (a) What is the cost of the cheapest ticket that can be bought for the 11:36 train? (1) (b) How long does the journey take on the 11:36 train? (2) (c) The graph shows a car journey from London to Brighton and back. (i) How long does this journey to Brighton take? (1) (ii) How long is the stay in Brighton? (1) (iii) How many miles is the total journey from London to Brighton and back? (1) (d) Which journey is faster, London to Brighton or Brighton to London? Explain your answer. (1) (Total 7 marks)

(a) (£) 19 £ (p) Condone 19.0 B1 (b) Attempt to use 60 minutes in 1 hour eg, Sight of 60 (in a calculation) M1 51 (minutes) A1 (c) (i) 2 (hours) B1 (ii) 4 (hours) B1 (iii) 120 B1 (d) London to Brighton and steeper oe Accept: takes less time, 2 hrs and

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? This question was well answered. In part (b) the most successful added 24 minutes, to get to 12 noon, and 27 minutes. Candidates who used subtraction methods often made mistakes. Thinking there were 100 minutes in an hour lead to the common wrong answer of 91 minutes. Good responses were seen to part (d) with “steeper” or “less time” being very common. A few misinterpreted the diagram and said it was faster from London to Brighton as it was downhill and others gave responses about the level of traffic.

A shopkeeper uses this formula to calculate the total cost when customers pay by monthly instalments. C = d + 24 × m C is the total cost in pounds. d is the deposit in pounds. m is the monthly instalment in pounds. (a) The deposit for a wardrobe is £16. The monthly payments are £10. What is the total cost? (2) (b) How many years does it take to finish paying for goods using this formula? Answer years (1) (c) The total cost of a sofa is £600. The deposit is £120. Work out the value of the monthly instalment Answer £ (3) (Total 6 marks)

(a) 24 × 10 or 240 seen × 10 M1 – Method mark 256 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (b) 2 (years) B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (c) 600 = m or 600 – 120 See 480 M1 – Method mark 480 = 24m or their 480 ÷ 24 M1 – Method mark 20 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [6]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? Responses to part (a) were poor with the vast majority of candidates giving 400 from an incorrect order of operations. Only the more able candidates were able to interpret the 24 monthly instalments as 2 years in part (b). In part (c) candidates again carried out the operations in an incorrect order.

Three shops advertise the same luxury chair. Each shop has a special offer. (a) Mutasem wants to buy two of these luxury chairs. At which shop is the price of the two chairs the cheapest? You must show your working. Answer: Shop (5) ShopTotal delivery costDelivery time AFree3 weeks B£20Next day C£108 weeks (b) Mutasem wants to have the chairs delivered. The table shows the delivery cost and the delivery time for each shop. Taking everything into account give a reason why each shop could be the best choice. Shop A Reason Shop B Reason Shop C Reason (3) (Total 8 marks)

(a) (Shop A) 0.7 × 600 or 0.7 × 1200 or equivalent e.g., 600 – 0.3 × 600 or 600 – 60 – 60 – 60 M1 – Method mark 420 or 840 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (Shop B) 550 × 4/5 or 1100 × 4/5 or equivalent e.g. 550 – 1/5 × 550 M1 – Method mark 440 or 880 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (Shop C 410 or 820) or Shop C is cheapest B1 - Marks awarded independent of method follow through (b) (For A) delivery is free so no extra cost incurred or only £10 more than Shop C but delivers 5 weeks quicker. Or equivalent B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (For B) quickest delivery time or equivalent comparative B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (For C) cheapest overall price for chairs plus delivery or equivalent comparative B1 - Marks awarded independent of method [8]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say?. Some very clear, well presented answers scored 5 marks. Where candidates experienced problems it was usually because they could not find 1/5 of £550. Those who failed to find 30% of £ 600 often correctly found 10% as £ 60 and then miscalculated 3 × £60 or failed to find £600 – £180 correctly. However, those showing method were still able to score well. Part (b) differentiated between candidates as most could score one mark for mentioning that Shop A offered free delivery. However, the lack of comparative statements for Shops B and C limited some to one or two marks. Virtually all candidates attempted this question despite the amount of information given.

(a) A shopkeeper uses this method to work out VAT. Write down the price before VAT Divide by 10 Divide your answer by 4 Multiply your new answer by 7 The answer is the VAT Use this method to work out the VAT for an item with a price of £120 before VAT. You must show your working. Answer £ (4) Price excluding VAT£1£5£10£20£50 Price including VAT£1.18£5.88£11.75£23.50£58.75 (b) A different shopkeeper uses a table to work out the price of items including VAT. Use the table to work out the price including VAT of an item that costs £61 excluding VAT Answer £ (3) (Total 7 marks)

(a) 120 ÷ 10 or ÷ 10 ÷ 4 × 7 M1 – method mark Their 12 ÷ 4 or 3 M1 – method mark Their 3 × 7 M1 – method mark 21 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method (b) Correct build up seen (exc VAT) eg, M1 – Method mark Correct build up seen (inc VAT) eg, × M1 – method mark [71.68, 71.98] SC2 For [10.68, 10.98] A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [7]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? Part (a) of this question was well answered with many fully correct answers, although a few did further work and either added or subtracted 21 from 120. Part (b) was generally well answered with most using as a build up to 61. A fairly common error was to use the method from part (a). The standard of basic arithmetic was poor. Many candidates who showed that they understood the concepts being tested lost marks on the accuracy of their computation with simple errors in addition.

Here is part of a price list for a fruit and vegetable stall. The Government says we should eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day. A portion is an item of fruit or 100 g of vegetables. Dita has £10 to spend on fruit and vegetables for one week. She wants to buy at least two different fruits and two different vegetables. Show one way of buying fruit and vegetables so that she has 5-a-day for one week (Total 5 marks)

Finds the cost of two or more portions of different fruit eg, apple + banana = (= 55 p) M1 – method mark Finds the cost of two or more portions of different vegetables eg, carrots + broccoli = 20 (or 40) + 75 (= 95 p or £1.15 (oe)) M1 – method mark Finds the cost for one day (five portions) or more eg, 2 apples + 3 bananas = 2 × × 25 (= 1.35) M1 – method mark A full attempt which misses one criterion eg, not using 2 different fruit and vegetables or not keeping under £10 or otherwise correct work on a five day week M1 – method mark 35 items with at least 2 different fruit and vegetables and total cost less than or equal to £10 Strand (iii) Must see an organised response with all criteria met Q1 – quality of written communication [5]

Here are instructions for cooking a turkey. Cook for 15 minutes at 220 °C Reduce the oven temperature to 160 °C and cook for 40 minutes per kilogram. Kirsty is going to cook a 7 kilogram turkey. She wants to take it out of the oven at pm. At what time must she start to cook it? Answer (Total 4 marks)

× 40 or × 40 or 280 M1 – method mark (their) 295 ÷ 60 or 4 h 55 m (their) 280 ÷ 60 or 4 h 40 m Or equivalent M1 – method mark 12:45 – (their) 4 h 55 m 12:45 – (their) 4 h 40 m – 15 m M1 – method mark 07:50 Or equivalent SC3 08:05 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [4]

The table shows UK postal rates. WeightFirst ClassSecond Class Letter0 —100g£0.34£ —100g£0.48£0.40 Large Letter 101—250g£0.70£ —500g£0.98£ —750g£1.42£ —100g£1.09£ —250g£1.38£ —500g£1.84£1.52 Packet501—750g£2.38£ —1000g£2.92£ —1250g£4.25 Please note items Each additional 250 g or part thereof + £0.75 heavier than 1000 g cannot be sent Second Class (a) What is the cost of sending a 225 g large letter using First Class? (1) (b) What is the weight of the heaviest item that can be sent Second Class? (1) (c) A packet weighs 1.3 kg. How much does it cost to send it using First Class? (3) (Total 5 marks)

(a) (£) 0.70 (p) Or equivalent Accept 70 p B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (b) 1000 g 1 kg B1 - Marks awarded independent of method (c) 1300 seen or used eg, sight of £4.25 M1 – Method mark M1 – method mark (£) 5 SC1 for (£)1.38 A1 - Accuracy marks are awarded when following on from a correct method [5]

Common Mistakes – what did the examiners say? The first two parts of this question proved to be a good starter for most candidates. However, in part (c), many showed 4.25 but incorrectly added A significant number did not know that 1 kg = 1000 g and gave 1.38 as the answer or 0.70 using Large Letter (101 – 250 g).