1.Which 4 lineages are photosynthetic? (2) 2.Name Deinococcus and Thermus group together. What are each best known for? (2) 3. A novel group in the Planctomycetes were found to be (heterotrophs/chemolithotrophs) and this group can anaerobically oxidize _____ to _____ (3) 4. Gram + organisms can be implicated in (i)disease or (ii) some can be very useful medically. Give an example of each. (2) 5. The Knall gas reaction is used as a a way to generate energy by which lineages? What is this this reaction? (2) 11/10

Crenarchaea Sulfur reduction Sulfur respiration Sulfur oxidation Thermoproteus Sulfolobus COLD Crenarchaea

Euryarchaea S metabolizing –Thermococcus Sulfate reducer –Or heterotroph –Archaeoglobus –F420 Thermoplasma –Acidophiles (pH0.8) –Coal refuse piles –Wall-less (like??) –Methanogen ancestry Halophiles methanogens

Halophiles “red herring” = Halobacterium 2M NaCl, at least! Internal salt = external –Compatible solutes –K+ Shapes vary- can be odd shapes like squares Facultative aerobes As anaerobes, photochemotrophic Bacteriorhodopsin=light driven proton pump

Methanogens Make CH 4 from CO 2 (some CO, formate, acetate methylamines) F 420, unique enzymes and cofactors Oxygen sensitive Found in soils, animal guts, landfills, oil deposits, hydrothermal vents Syntrophy Hydrogen and early energy sources

Korarchaeota First found using DNA- based techniques Yellowstone Now also Russia, Iceland, NZ (?) What do they do?