Don’t Stand By: Stand UP! ALL A: We are here today to talk about sexual violence prevention, and the important role that we believe all of you have at GT. We know this is a difficult and often challenging subject, but we hope you will leave here today feeling empowered to do something give program overview – we want you to leave tonight feeling empowered to do something to be part of the solution on our campus A & B: introduce yourselves – share your class year and a bit about your campus involvement. What made you want to be a PE? B: explain Peer Education Program (Only for groups that don’t know each other: If the group is small, have everyone go around and introduce themselves & why they came to this training or how they found out about it) Bystander Intervention Training | Fall 2015 Voice Peer Education Program Presentation Adapted with Permission from Duke University’s PACT Program

Group Norms Take care of yourself Lessons leave, stories stay Respectful communication Any to add? Give trigger warning – there may be survivors in the room or folks who know survivors, so this content may be difficult to talk about. Be respectful of each other, and feel free to take care of yourselves. free to step out of the room if needed.

What is sexual violence? Umbrella term for any unwanted sexual attention, contact, or activity without consent: Sexual harassment Stalking Intimate partner violence/ dating violence Sexual assault and rape Sexual harassment is and unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other written, verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Stalking is engaging in behaviors directed at a person that result in that person: being reasonably afraid for his/her safety or the safety of others, and/or having to alter his/her activities, and/or suffering substantial emotional distress.  Dating violence is any pattern of abusive and/or controlling behavior in a relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power over the other. These can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological. Sexual assault, as according to Georgia Tech’s code of conduct, is any sexual activity or contact without consent. We’ll talk more about consent in a few minutes. It’s important to realize that sexual violence is really broad and occurs along a continuum, but none of it is acceptable at Georgia Tech, and as students, we need to take the leadership and responsibility to stop it.

VOICE VOICE is a campus-wide initiative founded on the premise that everyone has the right to live and learn at Georgia Tech, free of violence or the threat of violence. This initiative seeks to encourage students, faculty, and staff to confront the significant but largely hidden problem of sexual violence on campus. VOICE is based in Health Promotion. The Peer Education Program and presentations like this are one aspect of VOICE, Georgia Tech’s sexual violence prevention and response initiative. Mention that prevention education and survivor support resources are all based out of Health Promotion.

The VOICE Team in Health Promotion As we mentioned, VOICE is an initiative in Health Promotion, and campus just hired two full-time Victim Survivor Advocates who are here to support students who experience any form of sexual violence, whether it happened recently or years ago. Katy and Jennifer have offices located in two different buildings on campus to provide better options to students and reduce barriers to getting support. They are confidential resources and can provide referrals, academic/housing/other accommodations for survivors, as well as explain reporting options and walk survivors through that process if they choose to report. As part of the VOICE team, Lee is a Health Educator (and the Peer Education advisor) focused on prevention programming and education. Feel free to contact any of them directly with questions or to get involved with VOICE. Katy Berteau Victim-Survivor Advocate Office: Health Promotion Suite, 2nd floor Stamps Health Services 404-385-4451 Jennifer Gagen Victim-Survivor Advocate Office: Flag (Student Services) Building, Room 217A 404-385-4464 Lee Helmken Health Educator/ Prevention Specialist Office: Health Promotion Suite, 2nd floor Stamps Health Services 404-894-1072

REPORTING: BY THE NUMBERS Almost 1 in 4 women are victims of rape or attempted rape while in college. 1 in 7 women at Georgia Tech reported actual or attempted sexual victimization in their lifetime. Men are less likely to report a sexual assault, though they make up about 10% of all victims. People in the LGBTQ community experience violence at equal or higher rates. [Below if just for your information or if there is a question – you don’t need to share specifics ] 1 in 7: Blind survey respondents in 2006, only those who voluntarily reported. Same survey: 50% of women knew a survivor. Bisexual individuals report a higher rate of prevalence of sexual violence, at 61%, compared to heterosexual individuals (35%) and lesbian populations (43%). A staggering 64% of transgender individuals have experienced sexual violence in their lifetime.

What stereotypes do we have of someone who commits sexual violence? Ask the group to call out stereotypes we/society has for perpetrators of sexual violence.

PERPETRATORS: BY THE NUMBERS 90% of victims are on a first-name basis with the perpetrator (friend, classmate, partner, etc.) 6% of college men admit to committing acts that meet the legal definition of rape or attempted rape Small percentages of people are perpetrators, but often commit multiple offenses. Repeat perpetrators, on average, commit 5.8 rapes. So we have many stereotypes that come to mind when we think of perpetrators, but it’s important to realize that there is no single profile of a perpetrator, and we can’t necessarily easily recognize them in our community. They may be friends, classmates, student leaders. It is important to consider that the idea of the stranger rapist is mostly inaccurate- most rapes are committed by people known to the victim. That is important to keep in mind when we think about prevention efforts, and the role that we all play. (Don’t need to say this – it is for your information) In a study conducted at Brown University, it was determined that a majority of undetected rapists were repeat rapists and regularly committed other acts of interpersonal violence. Of the 120 men whose actions (reported in survey responses) met the legal definition of rape and who were never prosecuted by authorities, 1,225 separate acts of interpersonal violence were committed. The average number of rapes committed by these repeat offenders was 5.8. While most men will never commit an act of rape, this percentage that do are often repeat offenders References: Minority of men perpetrate: Warsaw, R. I Never Called it Rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1994. also David Lisak 2002 Repeat perpetrators: http://www.wcsap.org/sites/www.wcsap.org/files/uploads/webinars/SV%20on%20Campus/Repeat%20Rape.pdf. Also David Lisak

WHAT IS CONSENT? IT IS: IT IS NOT: An enthusiastic “yes” the first time someone asks IT IS NOT: The absence of “no” First: share with the group that you’re going to spend some time talking about what consent is an isn’t. One thing we know is that consent should be an enthusiastic yes the first time someone asks to engage in an activity. Ask the group to share additional examples of what consent is. What does it sound like and/or look like? Share that consent is required for every act, every time. Then: we also want to clarify some things consent is not. It is not the absence of a no. Ask the group to share additional examples of what consent is not – what are some verbal and non-verbal ways someone would show a lack of consent? Share additional information if they don’t come up with these: Consent is not Cooperation (when giving in physically and mentally is the easiest thing to do, when there is an imbalance of size, strength, or status or authority), compliance (when someone says yes because he or she is too intimidated to say no), or coercion (talk about on the next slide) Emphasize that consent must be freely given. It is about communicating with your partner every step of the way to make sure everyone feels safe and comfortable. Transition into description of coercion. Consent can never be assumed and can be withdrawn at any time.

Consent vs. Coercion Coercion – any behavior that creates inequality, putting one person (or people) at a disadvantage Emotional, psychological, physical, or a combination Verbal pressure Intimidation Lies/manipulation Incapacitation – including drugs/alcohol Threats Physical assault Give specific examples – repeatedly asking someone until they feel like they have to give in and say yes, or if someone is threatening to break up with their partner because they won’t have sex, that is coercion. For example: “I really love you, won’t you do this for me” “we’ve had sex before, what’s the big deal” Coercion can be achieved through incapacitation through drugs and or alcohol- see on the next slide. Idea of getting someone to change a “no” to a “yes” or being so drunk they don’t know what’s going on around them. Perpetrators use alcohol as a weapon. -if time, ask for other examples of coercion

Video: Alcohol & Consent We know this is a complicated topic, and one that students often have questions about. WE’re going to show a video first that helps us frame the message. Show video first: http://youtu.be/TD2EooMhqRI?t=3m29s – stop at 4:23 (when it transitions to next situation)

Alcohol and Sexual Activity Consider that, when drinking: Ones judgment is impaired Effective communication is impaired Ability to pick up on danger cues is impaired Ability to resist is impaired Can’t express wants/likes Key point: someone cannot give consent when they are incapacitated by alcohol or drugs (that’s in our student policy, and also the law). Keep in mind that incapacitation does not mean that someone is passed out, it means that they are impaired enough by alcohol or drugs to not clearly understand what is going on around them. We know that students are often drinking and having sex, and in most cases that is not assault. However, we can’t tell you what that line is (how drunk someone has to be to not be able to consent) – it’s about recognizing the impact that alcohol has on decision making and someone’s ability to express themselves, and whether both partners are in a clear state of mind to be actively involved in the decision. Again, remember that alcohol is often used as a weapon by perpetrators because a victim is less likely to resist, is more likely to change a sober no to a yes because of alcohol, and/or is less likely to report what happened to them because of the role of alcohol. Regretted sex is NOT the same thing as sexual assault. Emphasize that alcohol is often associated with sexual violence, but that does not make it the cause – the perpetrator is the cause. It is not a victim’s fault, no matter how much alcohol they have consumed.

Brainstorm What is a bystander? Are our ideas of bystanders: Positive? Negative? Neutral? First: ask the group – what does the term “bystander” mean. Introduce the idea of a bystander: most people think being a bystander means that you don’t do anything Then: ask them to raise their hands if they have a positive assotication with the term “Bystander” – then negative – then neutral. Most will raise their hands for the last two. Say: so our ideas about bystanders are often neutral or negative, mostly because we think being a bystander means you don’t do anything. In fact, it can mean that you are in the best position to take action. We want to challenge the idea that bystanders are passive spectators, but that bystanders can actually take action to make a big difference.

Rape Culture Calloused Sexual Attitudes Denigration of Women Sexism Rape culture is a term that gets used a lot, and it can be confusing at first. Rape culture is a set of attitudes, beliefs, practices, and norms in a society that tolerate, normalize, and even condone violence. It is things like victim blaming and making excuses for perpetrators actions. Again, we know that the majority of sexual violence is committed by a very small percentage of people (mostly men, but only about 6% of men on college campuses). They are at the center of rape culture. However, when you consider that most perpetrators are repeat perpetrators, we are all part of a culture that is allowing them to be successful in what they’re trying to do. So, what might be some examples of people who facilitate a perpetrators actions or attitudes? (laughing along when someone tells a rape joke or talks about getting people drunk to have sex with them, providing the alcohol or the room someone uses) Around facilitators are everyone else – the bystanders/people who might be seeing or hearing things that lead to sexual violence, or a culture that tolerates it. Ask: What role can bystanders have and what might be some situations that warrant intervention? (if they don’t come up with it on their own, make sure you talk about intervening in jokes/victim blaming attitudes, as well as when you’re in a situation and you see someone potentially about to commit violence). Sexism Hyper- masculinity

Who are you? Transition: now we’re going to show a video that talks about what bystander intervention might look like in a party situation. Keep in mind that this video may be potentially triggering for some people. http://www.whoareyou.co.nz/ --- 8 mins Pause in the middle (after the voiceover begins): does this seem realistic to a GT college experience? How do we know what was happening was leading to sexual assault? What could people in the video have done to intervene? At the end: did the way they chose to intervene seem realistic? Why or why not? Disclaimer: we know this is not always what sexual violence looks like – doesn’t only happen at bars/parties where the victim is drunk, and doesn’t only happen in heterosexual relationships.

Bystander Decision-Making Model Notice the Event Interpret the Incident as a Problem Assume Personal Responsibility Attempt to Help Point out that this process can happen in a split second or over the course of hours or even weeks. Emphasize personal safety when attempting to help. Discuss: even with this in mind, there are a lot of real reasons why people don’t intervene. What might be some barriers to choosing to step into a potentially sexually violent situation? How can we work to overcome those barriers?

Think Before, During & After Remember the 4 D’s! DIRECT Indirect DISTRACT DELEGATE DELAY Have the audience brainstorm examples of each one. You can ask them to think back to the video for examples (ex: stranger in line delegated to the bouncer). We know that indirect approaches are often easier – that’s ok! What’s important is to trust your gut and take action when you see a risky situation. You can always follow up with people later, but what is important in the moment is taking action. Remember that intervention doesn’t have to mean making a huge scene, it can be a subtle way of checking in on people, or interrupting a behavior.

Be an Active Bystander… Stand Speak Act For too long, sexual violence has been seen as a women’s issue, and the responsibility for prevention placed on potential victims and their behaviors. At GT, it’s time to challenge that by every member of our community taking a responsibility. Referring back to perpetrator statistics– only small amounts of people commit sexual assault, but it’s not enough just to say you’re not committing violence. You also have a role in being part of the solution to shift rape culture and prevent sexual violence in our community. We are all in this together! Our prevention efforts take a wider community approach, rather than simply targeting individuals as potential perpetrators or victims.

Let’s Practice! Come up with a plan! Remember the 4 D’s Direct Distract Delegate Delay Think about potential barriers to intervening in your scenario and how you would overcome them. Be SAFE & CREATIVE! Break participants into groups and hand out scenarios. Have each group come up with a strategy, then share back out (read their scenario and what they came up with). Ask the rest of the participants if there is anything they would add to that.

Resources Comprehensive resource website: voice.gatech.edu Health Promotion 404-894-9980 GT Counseling Center 404-894-2575 Women’s Resource Center 404-385-0230 Stamps Health Services 404-894-1420 GT Police Department 404-894-2500* Office of Student Integrity 404-894-2566 Grady Rape Crisis Center 404-616-4861 GT Sexual Assault Info Line 404-894-9000 *If you are in crisis or in need of assistance after hours, call GTPD and ask to speak to the on-call advocate. You do not have to disclose any personal information. All of these are listed within the LiveSafe app Comprehensive resource website: voice.gatech.edu (Don’t assume people know the resources, but you don’t need to go through all of them.) We spent today’s training talking about preventing sexual violence, but another important part of challenging rape culture is making sure we believe and support survivors, and to help them get connected to supportive resources. You might be the first person that a survivor shares their experience with – make sure they know it was not their fault and that you believe them. Remind folks that Katy and Jennifer are in Health Promotion and their role is to support survivors in whatever aspect of their healing that they need. They are confidential resources, so can talk openly with a survivor about their experience and what they want to do next. There is also a 24/7 on call advocate (a trained Health Promotion staff member), who can talk to a student and/or can meet up with a student at any time of day or on the weekends in the aftermath of violence or if they are in crisis (including accompanying them to Grady). Call GTPD to access the on call advocate. We have resource cards for you to take with you – if you remember nothing else, the VOICE website has a list of on and off campus resources and how to support a survivor. The most important thing to remember is that there are a lot of people on this campus who care about supporting survivors – no one should ever have to be alone.

Make A Commitment Share what you learned here today! Support survivors and practice bystander intervention. Encourage others to request a VOICE training for their chapter, hall, or organization. Participate in future VOICE-sponsored events!

Want to get involved? Sign up for the VOICE listserv (sign up sheet here today)! Facebook: VOICE Peer Education at GaTech Instagram: voicepeersatgt Join the PAUSE student organization. Email voice@gatech.edu with questions or to get involved!

References Don’t Stand By, STAND UP! Duke University’s PACT Program http://studentaffairs.duke.edu/wc/programs-services/pact-prevent-act-challenge-teach Step Up: Be a Leader, Make a Difference University of Arizona http://www.stepupprogram.org/ Bringing in the Bystander University of New Hampshire http://www.unh.edu/preventioninnovations/index.cfm?ID=BCC7DE31-CE05-901F-0EC95DF7AB5B31F1 MyStudentBody https://www.mystudentbody.com What Would You Do? Strategies for Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Violence by College Students McMahon et al., Rutgers University Sexual Assault Data: Fisher, et. al. The Sexual Victimization of College Women, 2000 USCDCP, 2011; NIJ, 2011 DOJ, 2005; RAINN, 2006 Georgia Tech Health Promotion Survey, 2006 Intimate Partner Violence Data: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006 Youth Violence and Suicide Prevention, CDC, 1999