Civics Chapter 3.1 & 3.2

2 Ordinance of 1785 System of surveying land west of the Appalachians (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin) Northwest Ordinance - Laid basis for admitting new states into the Union (Only real positive of AOC)

Road to the Constitution May 1787, Independence Hall, Philadelphia All states but Rhode Island Met to amend the Articles of Confederation (What were the weaknesses of the AOC?)

Delegates 55 men Well-educated Experienced in politics

Who was not there? African Americans Native Americans Women Thomas Jefferson John Adams Patrick Henry

Early Decisions George Washington chosen to preside Decisions made by a majority vote Each state had 1 vote All discussions kept secret Discarded Articles & wrote a new constitution – meeting became known as the Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan Designed by James Madison Government with 3 branches Executive – carry out laws Legislative – make laws Judicial – interpret & apply laws Legislature 2 houses – population determine each Appealed to large states

New Jersey Plan Designed by William Patterson Called for 3 branches of government Legislature 1 house Each state would get one vote Equal power to large & small states

Great Compromise Designed by Roger Sherman (CT) Proposed Senate & House of Representatives (Bicameral) Each state equal representation in the Senate Representation in the House based on population Also known as the Connecticut Compromise and the Sherman Plan.

Three-fifths Compromise 550,000 slaves Southern states wanted to count slaves in their population Northern states opposed counting slaves Delegates compromised & agreed to count slaves as 3/5 a person

Trade Northern states wanted Congress to regulate foreign trade Southern states feared Congress would tax their exports & stop the slave trade Congress could regulate trade but not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade before 1808

Electoral College Delegates disagreed on how the President should be chosen Congress? Voters? Solution – Electoral College – group of people named by the state legislature to select President & Vice President Today voters chose electors

Approving the Constitution Ratification required 9 of 13 states to vote “yes” Supporters of the Constitution called themselves Federalists – emphasize Constitution would create a system of federalism Federalist Papers - Series of essays defending the Constitution Federalism – form of government where power is divided between the national (federal) government & the states

Opposition Anti-Federalist opposed the Constitution because they wanted more power for the states & less for the national government Anti-Federalists also wanted a bill of rights (many states had) Both sides agreed on a bill of rights Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify on June 21, 1788