EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT SAMBILOTO (Andrographis sp) LEAVES IN CONTROLLING REPRODUCTION OF FEMALES SALINE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) It presented in Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2016 at April 2016 in Grand City Surabaya

 The classic problem of the saline tilapia farming are maturity before adulthood and mating behavior.  This behavior is often inhibits growth and reduce the productivity of aquaculture.  This condition is spurring the development of a variety of techniques to control the reproduction of tilapia in aquaculture.

 One of the materials is herbal extracts, beside safe for human also cheap.  By controlling the reproduction of tilapia aquaculture, is expected that we can obtain better growth,  We think that the fish will divert more energy to growth rather than reproductive behavior.

 An alternative method for controlling reproduction, is the use of herbs as alternative for proper substitution of chemicals such as bitter ( Andrograhis sp ).  The active compound andrographolida cause infertility through the mechanism of inhibition of the production of progesterone play a role in the maturation of the gonads. copy females

This research will examine the role of the crude extract of bitter ( Andrograhis sp ) in the control of gonadal maturation saline tilapia females

 Testing activities conducted in CBAD Takalar in 2015 using 10 m 3 tanks.  The test period for two months.  Animal testing is females tilapia that average measuring 15 cm and weight averages 90 g with a stocking density of 6.5 indv / m 2.  Experimental design : 1.Treatment of bitter (Sambiloto), 2.Control

 Making the crude extract of bitter. Simplicia bitter leaf (1 kg) is boiled with distilled water (volume 5 liters ), and let stand for 1 day.  And then done filtration process, and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 40 C.  Addition of the bitter extract on feed at a dose of 80 ml/kg feed.  Calculation of weight can be based for feeding to the fish (feed daily that is 3% of the body) weight.

 Time of feeding are 3 times a day with feed pellets.  Implementation of preparation gonadal maturation during 1.5 months.  Observations that we done, the level of gonadal maturation.

Formula for Absolute Length Growth (Lm) of fish (Efendie, 1979) Formula for Absolute Weight Growth (Wm) of fish (Efendie, 1979) Lm = Wt - Wo Wm = Wt - Wo Where : Wo = initial weight (g) Wt = final weight (g) Where : Lo = initial length (cm) Lt = final length (cm)

It appears that the bitter can suppress gonad maturity level in saline tilapia females up to 18.75% compared to the controls below (without addition of sambiloto)

It appears that all females saline tilapia on control tank had gonad maturity level up to 100% compared to the treatment tank (with addition of sambiloto)

18.75 % The diffrence

 The absolute length growth of control 6.05 cm while the treatment of sambiloto 6.88 cm, it seen that sambiloto treatment is slighly higher 0.83 cm.  While the absolute weight growth on the using bitter that is g compared with controls that is g, it is also look slightly higher g.  The level of gonadal maturity on control reaches 100%, while on bitter treatment 81.25%.  It is proved that the extract of bitter in this activity could inhibit gonadal maturation in the saline tilapia females around 18.75%.

Data for Fish Growth Length (cm)Weight (g) ControlTreatmentControlTreatment Initial Final Growth Difference

 Phytoestrogen compound is believed that have the ability as the sex hormones, and can block estrogen biosynthesis by acting as aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonists in gonadal germ cells.  Therefore, this material is considered potentially useful in encouraging sex reversal or delay gonadal maturation in fish, especially in the control of reproduction of tilapia in aquaculture so that productivity will increase.

 Treatment of crude extract bitter leaves can inhibit gonadal maturation in the saline tilapia females around up to18.75% compared to the controls.  Sambiloto extract slightly can increase the absolute length growth (dif cm) and the absolute weight growth (dif g) better thank control.  Overall the application of this extract has a positive output, especially in controlling reproduction in females saline tilapia aquaculture.

 For sugestion, however for further research is still needed to inhibit total reproduction, either through engineered dose or extraction techniques.  In addition, the combination with other materials that are also potentially in controlling reproduction saline tilapia females can also be performed simultaneously.