University of Houston Video Standards Datacom II Lecture 12 A Second Addition Dr. Fred L Zellner Second Addition

Agenda Introduction and History Technologies and Conferencing Desktop and Collaboration Applications What Do You Need To Use It? Benefits Is It for Real? 2

Late 1990’s Applied videoconferencing Video call centers Mixed speeds Mixed networks Multicast Application specific Early 1980’s Basic technology Algorithms Private lines Big “iron” Late 1980’s Early packaged systems Self-contained “Roll-abouts” Multipoint bridges Private lines, some S56 Mid 1990’s Personal videoconferencing More standards H.323, H.324, T.120 Desktop systems Widespread ISDN Early 1990’s Globalization ITU Standards - H.320 Early ISDN Smaller Boxes Evolution of Video Conferencing 3

Underpinning Technologies Standards Processors Audio compression Video compression Displays Cameras Networks Don’t forget lighting! It makes a huge difference Don’t forget lighting! It makes a huge difference 4

Standards 5

ITU Video conferencing Standard encompassing several standards that address video compression, audio quality, and communications protocol. H.320 does not mean all standards are supported. What is H.320? H.320 narrowband visual telephone systems & terminal equipment—covers video conferencing audio, video, graphics, encryption, multipoint H.320 H.261 Video codec for audio-visual services coding/decoding standards Audio standards G.711 3kHz audio into 56/64Kb/s streams G.722 7kHz wideband 48/56/64 Kb/s stream hi-fidelity audio Compression algorithms from 64 Kb/s to Mb/s CIF/QCIF H.242 establishing communications between audio-visual terminals H230 control and indication for frame sync (MCU graphics) H.221 frame structure Px64 (P=1 to 30) JPEG still video standards Custom or non-standard graphics not prohibited by H.320—systems must be the same Multipoint control units voice activation, user or chairman control H.230H.221G.728 H.243 H.242 JPEG G.711G.722 High Res graphics T.120 Point-to-point and multipoint data conferences (not truly part of the H.32X standard) 6

An international data collaboration standard (ITU) that allows data sharing between videoconferencing systems. Enables “Whiteboarding” allowing the interactive sharing of documents and graphics. Provides File Transfer, a simplified method of transferring large files. Wide deployment of Microsoft NetMeeting has minimized the importance of this standard T.120 Standard - Data Collaboration 7

What is H.323? ITU Video conferencing Standard encompassing several standards that address IP-based video compression, audio quality, and communications protocol. H.323 does not mean all standards are supported. H.323 IP-based visual telephone systems & terminal equipment—covers video conferencing audio, video, graphics, encryption, multipoint H.323 H.261 Audio standards G.711 3kHz audio into 56/64Kb/s streams G.722 7kHz wideband 48/56/64 Kb/s stream hi-fidelity audio Compression algorithms from 64 Kb/s to Mb/s CIF/QCIF G Kb/s stream H.245 establishing communications Control H.245 control and indication for frame sync H.225 frame structure JPEG still video standards Custom or non-standard graphics not prohibited by H.320—systems must be the same Multipoint control units control H.245H.225G.728 G.723G.729H.323 H.245 JPEG G.711G.722 High Res graphics G Kb/s stream H.263 Compression algorithms twice as efficient as H.261 T.120 Point-to-point and multipoint data conferences (not truly part of the H.32X standard) 8

Processors ProcessorRelative Horsepower Pentium 200 mhz1.0 Pentium 200 MMX1.8 Merced (1999)4.4 8x8 VCP (one chip)15.0 TI C

Audio Compression StandardBand and Bandwidth G.7113 KHz, 56/64 Kbps G.7227 KHz, 48/56/64 Kbps G.7283 KHz, 16 Kbps G.7238 KHz, Kbps G.7298 KHz, 8 Kbps 10

Video Compression AlgorithmRelative Quality (+/- 20%) H.261 (1994)1.0 H.263 (1997)1.4 H.263 (1998)1.7 11

Displays Today –CRT monitors range from 25” - 40” –Some small flat panels now available –Standard NTSC: 525 lines max resolution By 2002 –14” - 60” flat panel plasma displays –HDTV resolution up to 1080 lines 12

Cameras Today –Resolution = 352 x 288 pixels (CIF) By 1999 –Resolution = 704 x 576 pixels (4 x CIF) By 2002 –Resolution = 1080 x 768 pixels (HDTV) 13

Networks NetworkRelative Quality POTS (33.6/56 Kbps)1 ISDN (BRI 128 Kbps)4 ISDN (384 Kbps Mbps) IP (128 Kbps Kbps) 1-4 * * not empirical data 14

Desktop Evolution Analog Telephone Integrated Multimedia Desktop Digital Business Set 15

Text GraphicsSound VideoImage Multimedia Is a Progressive Enhancement to Existing Solutions A Technology that Is Not Magic, but the Effect Is Magical Multimedia Is Not an Application...It's an Adjective Presentations Collaboration Other Horizontal Applications Data Base Training Mail Newsletters Desktop Multimedia Collaboration MULTIMEDIA - People - Documents - People - Computers - People 16

Solutions Customer Requirements Customer Requirements Business Forces Global Trends Economic Conditions –Cost containment –Improved productivity Work Culture –Decentralization –Team Structures –Alliances/Partnerships Globalization Competitive Pressure –Customer Service –Quality –Time to innovate –Time to market Technology Flux Reduced Complexity Asset Preservation Improved Collaboration –Intra and Inter Company Improved Value from Corporate Networks Knowledge Worker Tools –Collaboration –Presentations –Distance Learning/Education Digital Infrastructure Standards Improved Teamwork Improved Accuracy Improved Productivity Expected Solutions Market Impact Velocity to Innovate Shorter Business Cycles

Distance Learning/Education Intra/Intercompany Communications Law Enforcement Telecommuting Remote interviewing Training Kiosk consultation Security Real Applications 18

What do you need? 19

What do you need for 128 Kbps? ISDN BRI Network NT-1 20

Promptus 3BRI- IMUX ISDN BRI Network NT-1 What do you need for 384 Kbps? 21

ATM25 NIC ATM KB KB What do you need for ATM? ATM Network 22

Ethernet Network Ethernet NIC What do you need for IP Video? 23

MCU - Multipoint Control Unit (Multipoint Bridge) People start with Point-to-Point, then experience leads to Multipoint When Multipoint service is available, 40-85% of all videoconferences are multipoint Audio Conferencing, Video Switching, Data Transfer Conference Setup and Control Voice activated, chairperson control or continuous presence Role of the MCU 24

Record video clip on disk –Video mail MPEG-1/MPEG-2 viewing and “Store & Forward” Cable TV interface/Broadcast Connectivity Options –Multirate ISDN (384Kb) –ATM –Dialable Wideband –IP-based Remote Camera Support Advanced Video Capabilities 25

Faster and Better Decision Making Faster and Better Decision Making Increased Productivity Increased Productivity More Meetings More Meetings Tighter Security Tighter Security Improved Employee Morale Improved Employee Morale Avoided Travel Costs Avoided Travel Costs Reduced Fatigue Reduced Fatigue Efficient Use Of Key Personnel Efficient Use Of Key Personnel More Disciplined, Productive Meetings More Disciplined, Productive Meetings Team Building Team Building Interning Interning Reliability Reliability Benefits of Multimedia Conferencing 26

Thank You !