Differentiating Commodity Minerals with Unique Surface Treatments Minerals in Compounding

Cray Valley HSC2 Overview Dispersing Technology Effect of Dispersion in CaCO 3 -filled PP - Chemistry review -Optimization Analogue in PA6 Summary

Cray Valley HSC3 Dispersants: A Review Dispersants must bond strongly to the filler surface only Coupling agents bond strongly to filler AND surrounding polymer matrix

Cray Valley HSC4 Dispersants: A Review Dispersants promote homogeneity and prevent defect sites via agglomeration Coupling agents are bi-functional and effectively immobilize filler and polymer chains through A—B—C structure: - Anchor --- Buffer/Bridge --- Couplant *Courtesy of Phantom Plastics PropertyDispersant Coupling Agent Flow (MFI/MFR)↑↑↑↑ or ↓↓ Modulus== Yield Strength=↑↑ HDT=↑↑ Impact resistance↑↓ Elongation to break↑↓↓

Cray Valley HSC5 Dispersants: A Review Cray Valley chemistry can fill the void beyond silane surface chemistry Filler Type Best Dispersant 2 nd Best 3 rd Best Calcium carbonateAnhydrideCarboxylic acidPrimary amine DolomiteSulfonic acidCarboxylic acidAnhydride Magnesium hydroxideAnhydrideSilaneCarboxylic acid MicaPrimary amineSilaneSulfonic acid TalcSilane--- SilicaSilaneSulfonic acidAnhydride WollastonitePrimary amineAnhydrideCarboxylic acid Titanium dioxideAnhydrideCarboxylic acidSilane *Courtesy of Phantom Plastics

Cray Valley HSC6 Maleated Polymers Material Class Structure Anhydride Range T g Range Molecular Weight Styrene Maleic Anhydride (SMA ® ) Copolymer 10.5 to 42% by weight 110°C to 155°C 5k to 24k Liquid Functional Polybutadiene (Ricon ® ) 3 to 20% by weight -86°C to - 30°C 5k to 10k

Cray Valley HSC7 Portfolio of Chemistry Commercially Available Developmental Chemistry and processes are core competencies for Cray Valley; alternative functionalities are routinely exploredFunctionality SMA ® Ricon ® Maleic anhydride Carboxylic acid Epoxy Imide Sulfonated Hydrogenated Acrylated Amine Brominated Siloxy

Cray Valley HSC8 Dispersion Evaluation Model Formulation ↗ 30% CaCO 3 (Omyacarb F) ↗ 68.5% PP (Hival 2420) ↗ 1.5% Dispersant Model Formulation ↗ 30% CaCO 3 (Omyacarb F) ↗ 68.5% PP (Hival 2420) ↗ 1.5% Dispersant Evaluation Criteria ↗ Cost ↗ Charpy impact resistance ↗ Ductility ↗ MFR Evaluation Criteria ↗ Cost ↗ Charpy impact resistance ↗ Ductility ↗ MFR Dispersant Options SMA ® 3000P ↗ 24% anhydride ↗ 3,050 M n ↗ Solid powder ↗ H 2 O dispersion Ricon ® 131MA5 ↗ 5% anhydride ↗ 4,700 M n ↗ High viscosity liquid ↗ H 2 O dispersion Dispersant Options SMA ® 3000P ↗ 24% anhydride ↗ 3,050 M n ↗ Solid powder ↗ H 2 O dispersion Ricon ® 131MA5 ↗ 5% anhydride ↗ 4,700 M n ↗ High viscosity liquid ↗ H 2 O dispersion

Cray Valley HSC9 Dispersion Results

Cray Valley HSC10 Optimization Objective Leverage dispersants to maintain mechanical properties while reducing the cost of highly filled CaCO 3 composites Objective Leverage dispersants to maintain mechanical properties while reducing the cost of highly filled CaCO 3 composites Parameters ↗ 30 to 55% CaCO 3 ↗ 0 to 3% SMA 3000P ↗ Baseline w/stearic acid Parameters ↗ 30 to 55% CaCO 3 ↗ 0 to 3% SMA 3000P ↗ Baseline w/stearic acid Optimization Criteria ↗ Minimize cost ↗ Maximize ductility, flow & impact ↗ Maintain balance Optimization Criteria ↗ Minimize cost ↗ Maximize ductility, flow & impact ↗ Maintain balance

Cray Valley HSC11 Optimization Results

Cray Valley HSC12 Optimization Results

Cray Valley HSC13 Cost-Benefit Analysis Modulus, +33% Yield, -47% Strength, -7% Ductility, -85% Impact, -59% MFR, -43% Cost, -26% Modulus, +33% Yield, -47% Strength, -7% Ductility, -85% Impact, -59% MFR, -43% Cost, -26% Modulus = 0.9 Gpa Yield = 29.4 MPa Strength = 22.1 MPa Ductility = 38.4% Impact = 3.7 kJ/m 2 MFR = 15.2 g/10min Cost = $0.76 Modulus = 0.9 Gpa Yield = 29.4 MPa Strength = 22.1 MPa Ductility = 38.4% Impact = 3.7 kJ/m 2 MFR = 15.2 g/10min Cost = $0.76 Modulus, 0% Yield, -5% Strength, 0% Ductility, +10% Impact, +8% MFR, +4% Cost, +9% Modulus, 0% Yield, -5% Strength, 0% Ductility, +10% Impact, +8% MFR, +4% Cost, +9% Modulus, +11% Yield, -13% Strength, -7% Ductility, -12% Impact, -16% MFR, -10% Cost, -19% Modulus, +11% Yield, -13% Strength, -7% Ductility, -12% Impact, -16% MFR, -10% Cost, -19% Modulus, 0% Yield, -6% Strength, -14% Ductility, +12% Impact, -3% MFR, +25% Cost, 0% Modulus, 0% Yield, -6% Strength, -14% Ductility, +12% Impact, -3% MFR, +25% Cost, 0% SMA Loading CaCO 3 Loading Stearic Acid 30% Filled 55% Filled 0% Dispersant3% Dispersant

Cray Valley HSC14 Future Work Pre-treated CaCO 3 for application in polyamides Cost-benefit analysis considering embrittling effect H 2 O dispersions to fully coat mineral surface Similar methodology and analysis criteria

Cray Valley HSC15 Summary Anhydride functional additives validated as appropriate in CaCO 3 systems - Rigid SMA ® provided robust property improvement - Ductile Ricon ® emphasized ductility & impact Mechanical properties maintained while increasing CaCO 3 & decreasing cost by leveraging dispersant Optimization indicated that increasing dispersant as a function of CaCO 3 loading will balance properties SMA outperformed stearic acid in property retention & generation while increasing filler loading

Cray Valley HSC16 Leading global supplier of hydrocarbon resins, diene- based resins, and specialty monomers - Wingtack ® and Norsolene ® (C5 & C9 tackifiers) - Poly bd ®, Krasol TM and Ricon ® (low molecular weight liquid polybutadiene resins) - SMA ® (styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resins) - Dymalink TM (metal centered monomers) Annual sales over $350 million and has more than 340 employees worldwide Company’s more than 250 products are manufactured at 9 sites in 4 countries Cray Valley HSC

17 UpstreamDownstreamChemicals Focus Oil & gas exploration Production Gas & power Alternative energy Trading & shipping Refining & marketing Commodity & specialty fluids Base chemicals Industrial & consumer market specialty chemicals Sales (billion) $24.6$163.4$23.2 Employees17,19232,63141,658 Total, a partner in your challenges Cray Valley HSC A Division of Total SA

Cray Valley HSC18 Rubber Performance additives Tire & hose applications Co-curing agents Adhesives Pressure sensitive Reactive adhesives Insulated Glass Sealants Growth Markets Printed circuit boards Pigment Dispersants Mineral Dispersants Cray Valley HSC Focus Markets

Cray Valley HSC19 Cray Valley HSC Global Presence

Cray Valley HSC20 Cray Valley HSC For additional information about Cray Valley, its products or its work in Hydrocarbon Specialty Chemicals, visit