Roman Vocabulary Group C Kelly Crocker Drew Hynes Zak B.

Tiberius Gracchus Who: politician and tribune who proposed reforms Where: Rome When: 2 nd Century BCE What: Proposed reforms such as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor Why: tried to achieve land reforms by pleading the plight of landless soldiers Impact: the reforms were reversed by Senators and he was murdered for his cause. His brother, Gaius followed in his footsteps. Source: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print. -leviosa-harry-potter-and-antiquity/

Sanhedrin Who: 71 rabbi who were the final authority on Jewish law led by a nasi (prince) and av bet din (father of the court) What: ancient Jewish court system that was the supreme religious body When: c 57 BCE – 425 CE Where: Israel Why: accused lawbreakers by questioning them, a minimum of 2 witnesses, and the accuser. They could not arrest the accused. Impact: kept the Jewish religion free of false prophets, for the most part, convicted Jesus of Nazareth of blasphemy, making it possible for the story of the Resurrection Source: Schoenberg, Shira. “The Sanhedrin.” Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, Web. December 10, Treasures%20of%20the%20Bible%20(Ch urch%20Age)/images/scan0007.jpg

Heresy What: The departure from traditional religious beliefs. Where: The Roman Empire When: The time of the Roman Empire (50 B.C.E.- 45 C.E. Why: The term formed a line for believers as to what not to believe (especially in Judaism). Impact: Christainity was built on the preachings of a heretic convicted by Sanhedrin. Jesus, and many Christians were labeled as heretics Source: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print. m

Charioteer Teams What: Charioteer teams were professional athletes that raced on chariots on teams called factions (white, green, red, and blue) Who: Usually were slaves and freed slaves. Where: Teams were in Rome, competitions occurred in coliseums. When: Around 250 C.E. Why: The races were established by their government to try to distract the citizens from what was going on with Rome (widening gap between rich and poor and increase of unemployment) Impact/Legacy: Set the foundation for the professional sports that we have today. Source: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print. /14/the-major-arcana-and-the-heros- journey-the-chariot-part-i/

Centuriate Assembly What: One of the two assemblies in the Roman Republic that selects consuls, makes laws, and can declare war. Who: Patricians and citizen soldiers, and is also open to the public. Where: Roman Empire When: During the Roman Republic (509 B.C.E.- 44 B.C.E.) Why: The assemblies were formed to be the more democratic side of the Roman Republic, people could vote in assemblies, it included patricians and citizen soldiers, and it was open to the public. Impact/Legacy: The assemblies influenced America’s government today where citizens can vote and get a say in their government. Source: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print ee/

Tribal Assembly What: The second of two assemblies in the Roman Republic that elects tribunes and makes laws Who: Plebians, citizens (grouped by where they live), and is open to the public. Where: Roman Empire When: Roman Republic (509 B.C.E.- 44 B.C.E.) Why: The assemblies were formed to be the more Democratic side of the Roman Republic, Tribal Assembly was formed so that the Plebians could have more of a say in their own government. Impact/Legacy: This has impacted us by showing that we have to make sure that the poor have some form of power over the rich so that the rich don’t take advantage of them. Source: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print

Scipio Who: A Roman general. What: He drove out Hannibal by attacking Carthage When: 202 B.C.E. Where: Rome, Italy Why: Hannibal continued to attack Italy after the victory at Cannae. Example: Scipio was a great general who defeated Hannibal at Zama and this defeat allowed Rome to lay siege to Carthage and destroy it for good. Works Cited: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print g.htm?id=2431

Cato the Elder Who: An aged man. What: An orator that spoke to the public and a senator of Rome. When: 234 B.C.E B.C.E. Where: Rome, Italy Why: He was good at rhetoric and was able to rally the people. Example: He was appointed Cato the Censoc and was responsible for the protection of morality i.e. Manilius (candidate for election of the office of consul) Works Cited: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print n/arth-111-study-guide morris/deck/

Pax Romana Who: Means “Roman Peace” in Latin What: No fighting or war in Rome Where: All throughout Rome,Italy and the Empire. When: Occurred in 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E., about 207 years. Why: The peace brought prosperity to Rome. Impact/Legacy: 200 years of peace and the Roman Empire (included more than 3 million square miles), population numbered between 60 and 80 million people, and about 1 million people lived in the city of Rome. Works Cited: Beck, Roger B, et al. Ancient World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston: McDougal Littell, Print romana/g-6lvhvbsi9i32ota9dtni5a0