England's Imperial Stirrings King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, launching the English Protestant Reformation, and intensifying the rivalry with Catholic Spain. The Planting of English America The Planting of English America

Sir Francis Drake In 1580, Drake circumnavigated the globe, plundering and returning his ship loaded with Spanish booty. He had a profit of about 4,600%. The Planting of English America The Planting of English America

Elizabeth Energizes England When the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada, Spain's empirical dreams and fighting spirit had been weakened - helping to ensure the English's naval dominance over the North Atlantic. The Planting of English America The Planting of English America

Because an economic depression hit England in the later part of the 1500s and many people were left without homes, the stage was set for the establishment of an English beachhead in North America. England on the Eve Of Empire England on the Eve Of Empire

The London Company, 1606

Jamestown Settlement, 1609

Chesapeake Bay

Jamestown Settlement

Jamestown Fort, 1609

Jamestown Settlement

Jamestown Housing

Jamestown Chapel, 1611

Captain John Smith

Chief Powhatan

Powhatan Confederacy

Powhatan Indian Village

Indian Foods

PocahontasPocahontas

PocahontasPocahontas

John Rolfe

Tobacco Plant

Early Colonial Tobacco — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Tobacco Prices:

Jamestown Colonization Pattern:

Indian Uprisings

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Lord De La Warr reached Jamestown in 1610 with supplies and military. He started the First Anglo-Powhatan War.

Virginia: Child of Tobacco John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614, ending the First Anglo-Powhatan War. Indian Uprisings

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake The Indians were again defeated in the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in nd Anglo- Powhatan War

English Migration: Headright System

Indentured Servitude

Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?

Virginia House of Burgesses In 1619, self-government was made in Virginia. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the House of Burgesses.

King James I didn't trust the House of Burgesses and so in 1624, he made Virginia a colony of England, directly under his control. Virginia House of Burgesses

1 st African Slaves arrive in Jamestown 1 st African Slaves arrive in Jamestown

17 th century Population in the Chesapeake

Population of Chesapeake Colonies:

Colonization of Maryland

George Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore Maryland Catholic Haven Formed in 1634 by Lord Baltimore. The colony was made for a refuge for the Catholics to escape the wrath of the Protestant English government.

The Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative group in Maryland, granted toleration to all Christians. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

The West Indian Islands By the mid-17th Century, England had secured its claim to several West Indian Islands. Sugar was, by far, the major crop on the Indian Islands.

To support the massive sugar crops, millions of African slaves were imported. By 1700, the number of black slaves to white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly 4 to 1. The West Indian Islands

In order to control the large number of slaves, the Barbados Slave Code of 1661 denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves. The West Indian Islands

Colonizing the Carolinas Civil war plagued England in the 1640s Charles II restored to English throne.

1663 – King Charles II creates the Carolina Charter. Colonizing the Carolinas

In 1707, the Savannah Indians decided to end their alliance with the Carolinians and migrate to the back country of Maryland or the new colony of Pennsylvania. Colonizing the Carolinas

Almost all of the Indians were killed in raids before they could depart - in Colonizing the Carolinas

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania In Pennsylvania, a new colony founded by Quakers under William Penn promised better relations.

The Carolinas Rice became the primary export of the Carolinas.

Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676 Nathaniel Bacon Governor William Berkeley

Governor Berkeley’s “Fault Line”