0 Holmes Chpt 1 Personal Financial Planning EQ = Essential Questions Knows = Vocabulary Understandings = Why learn this Dos = Skilled at activities

1 Chapter 1 Personal Financial Planning Essential Questions: –What are the benefits to financial planning and what factors affect your financial decisions? –What are the steps in financial planning and explain? –What are some strategies you can use to reach your financial goals? Remember you are responsible for answering one of these essential questions at the end of this unit as another assessment.

2 Chapter 1 Personal Financial Planning What You Need to Know: (13 words total)  Key Terms/Vocabulary  Personal financial planning  Goals  Values  Opportunity cost  Liquidity  Service  Good  Time value of money  Principal  Future value  Annuity  Present value  Interest

3 Chapter 1 Personal Financial Planning What You Need to Understand:  Income often comes from different sources, including alternative sources.  Income affects personal spending decisions and lifestyle.  That the financial planning process can help you now and when revised every year will help you achieve financial stability and financial independence. What You Need to Do and Be Skilled at:  Discussing the benefits of financial planning.  Identifying factors that affect personal financial decisions.  Explaining the steps to financial planning.  Explaining how to achieve financial goals at different stages in life.  Responding to questions and scenarios using key vocabulary & concepts with correct meaning and understanding.

4 Personal Financial Decisions Personal finance is everything in your life that involves money. (Managing your money by spending, saving and investing.) Benefits of personal financial planning are:  More money and financial security.  Know how to use money to achieve your goals.  Less chance of going into debt.  Help your partner and support your children, if you have a family. personal financial planning arranging to spend, save, and invest money to live comfortably, have financial security, and achieve goals Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

5 The financial planning process has 6 steps to help you reach your financial goals. Step 1: Determine Your Current Financial Situation Make a list of items that relate to your finances:  Savings  Monthly income (job earnings, allowance, gifts, and interest on bank accounts)  Monthly expenses (money you spend)  Debts (money you owe to others) Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals goals the things you want to accomplish

6 Step 2: Develop Your Financial Goals Think about your attitude toward money and ask yourself some questions:  Is it more important to spend your money now or to save for the future?  Would you rather get a job right after high school or continue your education?  Do your personal values affect your financial decisions?  Do you know the difference between your needs and your wants? values the beliefs and principles you consider important, correct, and desirable need something you must have to survive, such as food, shelter, and clothing want something you desire or would like to have or do Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

7 Step 3: Identify Your Options Know all your options. If you are saving $50 a month, for example, you might have these options:  Increasing the amount of money you save every month to $60.  Investing in stocks instead of putting your money into a savings account.  Using the $50 to pay off your debts.  Continue the same course of action. Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

8 Step 4: Evaluate Your Alternatives You must consider the consequences and risks of each financial decision. You can do this by:  Using sources of financial information to keep you up-to-date with social and economic conditions that can affect your financial situation.  Understanding the opportunity cost of your decisions. opportunity cost what is given up when making one choice instead of another Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals liquidity the ability to easily convert financial assets into cash without loss in value Understanding Risks Some types of financial risks include:  Inflation Risk  Interest Rate Risk  Income Risk  Personal Risk  Liquidity Risk

9 Step 5: Create and Use Your Financial Plan of Action A plan of action is a list of ways to achieve your financial goals. Some examples of plans of action include:  Cutting back on spending to increase your savings.  Getting a part-time job or working more hours at your present job to increase your income. Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

10 Step 6: Review and Revise Your Plan As you get older, your finances and needs will change. That means that your financial plan will have to change too. You should reevaluate and revise it every year. Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

11 Pay Yourself First When you receive your first paycheck, pay yourself first. This means that before you pay bills or buy anything, you should put something into your savings account—even a small amount. Think of it as paying yourself. Try saving a percentage of your take-home pay —1 percent the first month, 2 percent the second month, and so forth. Then sit back and watch you money grow. *10% of your paycheck is a great amount to start with. If your take-home pay is $860 a month and you save the percentages listed above for 12 months, how much would you have? 11

12 Time Frame of Goals Goals can be defined by the time it takes to achieve them:  Short-term goals take one 1 year or less to achieve (such as saving to buy a computer).  Intermediate goals take 2 to 5 years to achieve (such as saving for a down payment on a house).  Long-term goals take more than 5 years to achieve (such as planning for retirement). Start with short-term goals that may lead to long-term ones. Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals Types of Financial Goals 2 factors will influence your planning for financial goals. These factors are:  Time frame goals.  Financial need goals.

13 Different Need Goals Services and goods are two different categories of financial needs. A haircut is an example of a service, while a new car is a good. How you establish and reach your financial goals will depend on whether a goal involves the need for:  Consumable goods (such as a soda)  Durable goods (such as a car)  Intangible items (such as an education) service a task that a person or a machine performs for you good a physical item that is produced and can be weighed or measured Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

14 Guidelines for Setting Goals  Financial goals should be realistic, be specific, have a clear time frame and your financial goals should help you decide what type of action to take.  Your financial goals will change as you go through life. Influences on Personal Financial Planning Many factors will influence your decisions about finances. The 3 most important are: Life Situations  Going to college  Starting a new career  Getting married or having children  Moving to a new city Personal Values Your personal values also influence your financial decisions. Economic Factors  Market forces  Financial institutions  Global influences  Economic conditions Chapter 1 Financial Decisions and Goals

15 Personal and Financial Opportunity Costs Whenever you make a choice, you have to give up, or trade off, some of your other options. When making your financial decisions and plans, you will need to carefully consider:  Personal opportunity costs = health, knowledge, skills, and time  Financial opportunity costs = spend, save, invest, planned to buy it or impulse buy Chapter 1 Opportunity Costs and Strategies time value of money the increase of an amount of money due to earned interest or dividends To help make choices, consider the time value of money every time you spend, save or invest. interest the price that is paid for the use of another’s money

16 Chapter 1 Financial Focus Activity You make choices about money all the time. You decide whether you will save $100 or spend it on a new jacket. Before you spend money, you may want to consider its time value. The time value of money is the increase of money you save as a result of interest or dividends earned. Future value is the amount that your original deposit will be worth based on the interest you earn over a specific time. You can calculate the future value of a single deposit over a one-year period by multiplying the principal, or the amount of money of your original deposit, by the annual interest rate, and then adding that amount onto the principal. Calculate Future Value You decide to put $2,000 into a savings account with an annual interest rate of 5 percent. At the end of 12 months, what is the future value of your $2,000? Answer = $

17 Calculating Interest You can calculate the time value of your savings by figuring out how much interest you will earn. To do this know:  The principal  The annual interest rate  The length of time your money will be in an account Comparing interest rates at several financial institutions, you can figure out which one will make your money grow the fastest. principal the original amount of money on deposit Chapter 1 Opportunity Costs and Strategies Compounding To calculate the interest earned for the second year:  Add interest earned in the first year to the principal.  Take that amount and multiply it by the annual interest rate. Future value computations are also called compounding. With compounding, your money increases faster over time.

18 Future Value of a Single Deposit You can determine the future value of your savings by:  Multiplying the principal by the annual interest rate.  Adding that interest amount to the principal. Each year, interest is earned on your principal and on previously earned interest. future value the amount your original deposit will be worth in the future based on earning a specific interest rate over a specific period of time Chapter 1 Opportunity Costs and Strategies Deposit Values Some savers and investors make regular deposits into their savings. A series of equal regular deposits is called an annuity. You can also:  Calculate the present value of a single deposit.  Use present value calculations to determine how much you would need to deposit so you can take a specific amount of money out of your savings account for a certain number of years. annuity a series of equal regular deposits present value the amount of money you would need to deposit now in order to have a desired amount in the future

19 Strategies to Achieve & Reach Your Financial Goals Using the following 8 strategies, you can avoid common money mistakes: 1.Obtain = work, invest, and own assets 2.Plan = how you will spend your money 3.Spend Wisely =spend less than you earn 4.Save = for bills, purchases and emergencies 5.Borrow Wisely = only when necessary 6.Invest = to increase income and long-term growth /security 7.Manage Risk = protect your resources/insurance 8.Plan for Retirement = plan for your future when you are not working anymore Chapter 1 Opportunity Costs and Strategies Achieving Your Financial Goals You will have different financial needs and goals in your life. Learning to use your money wisely now, you will be able to achieve many of those goals. Financial planning involves choosing a career and learning how to protect and manage the money you earn

20 Developing and Using a Financial Plan A good personal financial plan includes:  Assessing your present financial situation  Making a list of your current needs  Deciding how to plan for future needs Chapter 1 Opportunity Costs and Strategies Financial Planning When developing and using a financial plan, you can:  Design a plan on your own.  Hire a financial planner.  Use a good money-management software program. Making your financial plan work takes time, effort, and patience, but you will develop habits that will give you a lifetime of satisfaction and security.