Respiration & Photosynthesis Chapter 9

Cell Energy p 44  Warm up: what is potential energy? Give 2 examples of it in your life.  All living things need energy to survive  The energy molecule used by the cell is called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)  When this molecule loses a phosphate to become Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), energy is released that can be used by the cell.

Draw on top of p43 Draw on middle of p43

Answer on bottom of p 43 (in complete sentences) 1. How is ATP different from ADP? 2. What molecule is needed for ATP to become ADP? 3. What are 2 products after ATP becomes ADP?

Cellular Respiration p46  Warm up: how do each of the organisms above get their energy?  This is when mitochondria breaks down our food to produce ATP  video video  There are 3 stages of respiration

Stage 1- Glycolysis p44  Occurs in cytoplasm  Requires no oxygen (anaerobic)  Breaks down glucose to make 2 ATP and pyruvic acid  P232 figure 9.8: draw on top of p45  The pyruvic acid moves to the mitochondria where it becomes Acetyl CoA. This step requires oxygen.  P232 figure 9.9: draw on middle of p 45

Bottom of p45 questions (In complete sentences) 1. In figure 9.8, how many PGAL are made from one glucose molecule? 2. How many pyruvic acid molecules are made? 3. How many total ATP molecules are needed to carry this stage out? 4. In figure 9.9, where is this stage of glycolysis taking place? 5. What product is also formed along with the intermediate by product? 6. What is the final product in this stage?

Stage 2- Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle p48  Warm up: what is the goal of respiration?  Occurs in mitochondria  Requires oxygen  Acetyl CoA is broken down in to ATP and CO 2. NAD+ & FAD+ come in and pick up electrons.  NADH and FADH 2 are molecules that take electrons to stage 3 videovideo  Draw and label picture p. 233 on left page

Stage 3- Electron Transport Chain p48  Occurs in mitochondrial membrane  H represent electrons  NADH & FADH 2 donate their electrons to the transport chain which allows ADP to become ATP  video video  Draw and label picture p. 234 on left page

Fermentation p50  Warm up: why can’t you run at top speed for very long?  Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O +energy  Fermentation is a means of producing ATP after glycolysis, if there is no oxygen available. Fermentation  Lactic Acid Fermentation: Glucose becomes pyruvic acid from glycolysis. 2 NADH make NAD+ that goes to glycolysis.  2ATP and Lactic acid is made. Acid sent to muscle cells. Makes them sore. Draw top p 49

Fermentation p50  Alcoholic Fermentation: used by yeast cells and some bacteria.  Glucose is turned into pyruvic acid during glycolysis.  Pyruvic acid forms CO 2 and ethyl alcohol and 2ATP. Draw middle p 49  Yeast cells give off CO 2 bubbles in dough that make air pockets in bread as it rises.

Photosynthesis p52  Warm up: Do plants have to eat? How do they get glucose?  Plants do not eat food to get glucose, they can make it during photosynthesis.  Once they make glucose, then they perform cellular respiration to get ATP for their cells.  Light Dependent Reactions: occurs in chlorophyll (inside chloroplasts) videovideo

Photosynthesis p52  Sunlight transfers energy to electrons in chlorophyll and sent to an electron transport chain in thylakoid membrane. video video  Each protein in chain passes the electron down and takes some of its energy to make ADP and ATP.  Electrons are returned to chlorophyll  Draw fig 9.5 p227 on p51

Calvin Cycle p56  Warm up: what happens during the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?  Light-independent Reactions: no light needed.  Calvin cycle uses CO 2 to form glucose in Stroma of chloroplast.  CO 2 combines with a 5 carbon sugar to make a 6 carbon sugar which splits into two 3-carbon molecules  ATP changes the 3 carbon molecules to molecules called PGAL. ( phosphoglyceraldehyde)

 PGAL is converted into sugar (glucose)  ATP changes the other PGAL into the 5 carbon sugar called RuBP. (ribulose biphosphate)  It combines with carbon dioxide to start cycle again. videovideo  Draw & label Calvin Cycle p229 on top half of p 55

Cut out and arrange clues into bottom of p55 PhotosynthesisRespiration Food synthesizedFood broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy of glucose released Carbon dioxide taken inCarbon dioxide given off Oxygen given offOxygen taken in Produces sugars from PGAL Produces water and carbon dioxide Requires lightRequires no light Occurs only in chlorophyllOccurs in all cells