1 Urban Community Air Toxics Monitoring Project, Paterson City, NJ UCAMPP Update 5/07 Charlie Pietarinen (609)

2 Paterson is a mixed use community, e.g., industry side by side with residences

3 UCAMPP should really have been called Identification of Risk Reduction Strategies for Air Toxics in an Urban Community Through Emissions Inventory, Site Visits, Outreach & Education, Modeling & Monitoring.

4 Risk Reduction Strategies Monitoring Modeling Emissions Inventory Outreach & Education Data Analysis Site Visits

5 The overall objective of UCAMPP is to obtain data to assist the NJDEP in formulating risk reduction strategies related to air toxics. 1) characterize the spatial resolution of local air toxics; 2) determine concentration gradients; 3) identify source signatures from various land use(s); 4) evaluate modeling results using monitoring data; 5) field test new sampling and analyses techniques for air toxics that are currently difficult to quantify; 6) characterize the concerns of an Environmental Justice (EJ) community; 7) provide information / tools so NJDEP & the local community can better address exposure & risk issues related to air toxics; and 8) identify risk reduction strategies. This will provide valuable information that can be applied to other communities around the state and the nation.

6 Industrial Site (School 10) Commercial Site (Dept. of Health) Mobile Site (School 2) Background Site (Chester) Monitoring Study Design 60 VOCs48 Elements 16 PAHs Cr (VI) 4 Carbonyls OC/EC meteorology parameters at I site 24-h sampling period Every six days over one year

7 Thermal optical analysis method (RTI) Quartz FilterOC/EC* IC-ICPMS (Drs. Fan and Buckley groups, EOHSI) Cr(VI)* HPLC/Fluorescence Detection (Dr. Zhang, EOHSI) DNSH-C 18 passive sampler Carbonyls GC/MS (ERG)TO-15 method, Canister ATEC 2200 sampler VOCs Analytical Method Sampling Method NaHCO 3 Pre-treated Cellulose filter GC/MS (Dr. Fan, EOHSI)EPA TO-13A Method (Quartz Filter-PUF) PAHs* XRF (Dr. RTI)Teflon FilterElements* *R&P 2300 PM 10 sampler

8

9 What/When will be measured? 60 Volatile Organic Compounds 4 Carbonyls 16 PAHs 48 Metals 5 Elemental and Organic Carbon Cmpds Target 3 Forms of Chromium: Hex/Tri/Total PM10 mass Wind Speed, Direction, Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation - I site Every six days for 1 year starting Nov ‘05

10 Targeted # of Samples Collected includes blanks (10%), duplicates (10%) and spikes (5%) PM10/Elements276* PAHs 288 EC/OC 288 Cr(VI) 288 Carbonyl 288 VOC 198* (Chester, our background site, is a designated NJDEP air toxics site)  * no spike samples for Elements or VOCs

11 Monitoring Completed 12/06 Analyte% Samples Collected Elements 94 Cr(VI)95 Carbonyl 100 VOCs90 PAHs 94 EC/OC 94

12 All VOC Data from April-Nov 2006 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT Nondetected 100% of time at all 4 sites  1,1,2,2, tetrachloroethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane  1,2 dibromoethane 1,2 dichloroethane  Bromochloromethane Bromodichloromethane  Bromoform Chloroprene  cis-1,2-dichloroethylene  Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether Ethyl acrylate  Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene  Trans 1,2 dichloroethylene

13 Detected 100% at all 4 sites DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT 1,1,1 Trichloroethane Acetylene Benzene Carbon Tetrachloride Chloromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane Ethylbenzene Propylene Toulene

14 Detected 100% time in Paterson draft (3 sites) draft 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Dichloromethane o-Xylene p-Dichlorobenzene Trichlorofluoromethane Trichlorotrifluoroethane

15 Summary of the Cr(VI) Measurement Procedure Air Sampling (Sampling Artifact) Sample storage (Cellulose filter soaked by NaHCO 3 ) Extraction (HNO 3 pH = 4.2; ultra- sonification for 40 min) Ion Chromatography/Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (IC/ICPMS) (Two stage separation with HNO 3 as mobile phase; ICPMS is tuned by In)

16 Information gathered to date… >80% recovery of Cr(VI) spiked on air particulate matter collected during UCAMPP & NIST 1648 dust <20% reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) 20% to 30% oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) % difference is 3%-37% for 10 sets of duplicates. Average % differences 16% +/- 10% To date the detection limit = 0.19 ng/m 3 which is equivalent to 2.8 x risk level.

17 Some preliminary stats on Cr(VI), all sites combined N = 212 Mean = 4.98 ng/m3 Median = ng/m3 Max = 1.77 ng/m3  which equates to a risk level of 2.1 x ½ dl substituted for non detects for this draft 26% non detects Not blank subtracted

18

19 Up and Coming… Continue to ID risk reduction strategies Complete QA/QC and data validation Upload to AQS Data Analysis US EPA final report (due Jan 31, 2008) and journal publications. Apply for More $ to Continue Community Based Projects which incorporate what we learned from UCAMPP

20 Some thoughts for additional community based monitoring projects Emissions Inventory/Site Visits first, then scope out monitoring program (lower dl) Saturation Grid Sampling Monitor 1 month/season Monitor 1 week / season Routine monitoring does not always provide information required for exposure & health effects assessments

21 Importance of Community Projects Develop relationship with sources Partnership with the University  ability to oversee development of sampling and analytical methods for air toxics that are currently difficult to quantify  additional funds for Cr VI method development and Cr VI method comparison  proposal on coarse PM exposure and health effects

22 Partnership with the Paterson School District IMPORTANCE OF SITE VISITS & EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOCUS RESOURCES ON COMMUNITY

23