Garfield County Air Quality Monitoring Network Cassie Archuleta Project Scientist Board of County Commissioners – Regular Meeting Glenwood Springs, CO April 20, 2015 Annual Air Quality Data Report 2014 Update

 Reports since 2008 published on Air Quality Management website  Annual reports include summaries of: Meteorological measurements (e.g. wind speed and wind direction) Criteria pollutants (e.g. ozone and particulate matter) Volatile organic compounds (includes Hazardous Air Pollutants)  Today’s presentation: Network overview Snapshot of data summaries by pollutant Annual Air Quality Monitoring Reports

Real-Time data available on website 3 Air Quality Indices (Real-time Health Risk indicators) Real-time images (Rifle) Timeline plots

Glenwood Springs (Mobile) SNMOC Carbonyls Gas (O 3, NO X, THC/NMHC) PM 10 /PM 2.5 Meteorology Parachute SNMOC Carbonyls PM 10 Meteorology Rifle SNMOC Carbonyls O 3 PM 10 /PM 2.5 Meteorology Bell-Melton SNMOC Carbonyls Meteorology Carbondale SNMOC Carbonyls O 3 PM 2.5 Meteorology Monitoring Site Locations (2014)

Glenwood Springs (Mobile) SNMOC Carbonyls Gas (O 3, NO X, THC/NMHC) PM 10 /PM 2.5 Meteorology Parachute SNMOC Carbonyls PM 10 Meteorology Rifle SNMOC Carbonyls O 3 PM 10 /PM 2.5 Meteorology Bell-Melton SNMOC Carbonyls Meteorology Carbondale SNMOC Carbonyls O 3 PM 2.5 Meteorology Monitoring Site Locations (2015) Mobile site moved from Battlement Mesa to Glenwood Springs in February, 2015

New Mobile location as of Feb. 2015: Glenwood Springs (Vogelaar Park) 6 Instruments inside mobile shelter

Criteria Pollutants: Measurements in Garfield County  Criteria pollutants are specific pollutants regulated by EPA which are considered harmful to human health and the environment.  Criteria pollutants measured in Garfield County include: Ground Level Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM)  Measured values are compared to EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 7

Criteria Pollutants: Ozone (O 3 )  Ozone is a pollutant that is not emitted directly, but formed through chemical reactions Nitrogen Oxides (e.g. NO 2 ) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are considered O 3 “precursors” 8

O 3 Measurements in Garfield County 9  National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ozone: Standard: 8-Hour average of 75 ppb Violation: 3-year average of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hour > 75 ppb Two exceedances: 2008 and 2012 NO NAAQS violations Year Highest 8-hour average (ppb) 4 th highest 8-hour average (ppb) Rifle Battlement Mesa Carbondale Rifle, Annual 8-Hour Trends

Regional Ozone ( ) 10 3-Year Average Daily maximum 8-Hour Ozone (County maximum)

Criteria Pollutants: PM  Particulate Matter (PM) is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets small enough to be inhaled 11 PM 2.5 and PM 10 are particle sizes regulated by EPA Can be directly emitted, or formed in the atmosphere Generally made up of complex chemical mixtures (e.g. mineral oxides, sulfates, nitrates, organic material)

PM 10 Measurements in Garfield County Local Construction  National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM 10 Standard 24-hour average of 150 µg/m 3 Violation: More than 1 24-Hour average > 150 µg/m 3 in a 3-year period 1 average >150 in 2008 No NAAQS violations

PM 2.5 Measurements in Garfield County  National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM 2.5 : Standard: 24-hour = 35 µg/m 3 Annual = 12 µg/m 3 Violation: 3-year average of 98 th percentile 24-hour > 35 µg/m 3 or 3-year average of annual mean > 12 µg/m 3 No NAAQS violations 15 to 12 on Dec.14, 2012

 Measured since 2008  90 compounds analyzed Includes major HAPS (e.g. BTEX and Formaldehyde) Includes a number of VOCs related to natural gas exploration (e.g. propane and ethane) Includes a number of highly reactive VOCs which could contribute to O 3 formation  Same sampling method, laboratory and analysis methods as used for the EPA Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Network Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Measurements in Garfield County

Alkenes: Complex compounds; refineries, biogenic sources Aromatics: e.g. BTEX compounds, gas fire engine sources Heavy Alkanes: Simple, long chain carbon compounds; sources include crude oil, diesel Light Alkanes: Simple, short chain (e.g. ethane, propane, iso/n-butane and iso/n-pentane); primary components of natural gas. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Speciated Non-Methane Organic Carbon (SNMOC)

Benzene = Urban and O&G related (considered a HAP) Formaldehyde = Urban and O&G Related (considered a HAP) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Annual Average Trends for Select VOCs Statistically Significant downward trends shown in blue (5 years required to calculate trend)

Propane = O&G related (not considered a HAP) Ethane = O&G Related (not considered a HAP) Statistically Significant downward trends shown in blue (5 years required to calculate trend) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Annual Average Trends for Select VOCs

 A short annual update brochure is currently under discussion/development Annual air quality data summary report is large and comprehensive (~ 80 pages)  Hybrid of “Citizen’s Guide to Air Quality” and annual reports, expected to include: What’s new Annual snapshot of results and trends What’s next New Data Product: Annual Air Quality Update “Brochure”

 Data collected through 2014 indicate that there continue to be no violations of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in Garfield County  Annual trends indicate most VOC species (including Hazardous Air Pollutants) continue to decrease at statistically significant measurable rates  2014 annual report is expected to be posted to website by June 30, 2015 ( county.com/air-quality/) county.com/air-quality/  An air quality update “brochure” is under development. Target release date is June 30, Summary