+ Do you remember Chapters 1 and 2?! There are four types of noise—example? Difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication? Significance of context? Two elements of self concept? What is attribution theory? Difference between sex and gender? Relationship between perception, self, and communication?

+ Communication, Culture, and Identity Chapter 2 Lecture/Recap

+ What is Culture? Shared, personal, and learned life experiences Values, norms, traditions Values = standards Norms = patterns of communication Traditions = customs Impacts worldview and interpersonal communication

+ Cultural Identity Everyone is a cultural being Made up of ethnicity, gender, age, life stage, beliefs, values, assumptions; intersection of these elements Learned from family, friends, and communities (e.g. guideposts) Varies in strength & content Will impact our views, behaviors, and practices Including communication Can you have multiple cultural identities?

+ Intercultural Communication Importance? Occurs when individuals from different countries communicate? The only case?

+ Dimensions of Culture Cultural variability theory Uncertainty avoidance Distribution of Power (high vs. low power distance) Masculine vs. Feminine Individualism vs. Collectivism Context orientation theory High context vs. low context

+ Culture is…. Learned Enculturation Acculturation Capable of creating communities Co-cultures Cultural clash Good or Bad? Multi-leveled Mini-cultures EXAMPLES: Never Been Kissed, The Devil Wears Prada, Mean Girls

+ Millennial Generation? What are characteristics of this generation? How might those characteristics impact interpersonal communication?

+ Diversity – Roles and Challenges

+ Diversity in U.S. Sometimes challenging Why? Diversity increasing Consider how different events/situations impact diversity, culture, and interpersonal communication The Women’s Rights Movement Legalization (or banning) of Gay Marriage September 11, 2001 Election of President Barack Obama Others?

+ Six Reasons for Studying Intercultural Communication Technological imperative Demographic imperative Melting pot vs. salad bowl Economic imperative Global village, outsourcing, globalization Peace imperative Self-awareness imperative Ethical imperative

+ Challenges and Solutions

+ Challenges Ethnocentrism Stereotyping Anxiety and Uncertainty (In-groups vs. out-groups) Misinterpretation of Nonverbal and Verbal Behaviors Assuming similarities and/or differences

+ Improving Intercultural Understanding Acknowledging and eliminating biases, stereotypes, and prejudices Takes effort; some unknown Examples: “no homo” “acting black/white” “Muslim=terrorist” Be tolerant of the unknown Educate yourself Cultural respect Avoid cultural imperialism; practice cultural empathy Be prepared Recognize the individual; not just their cultures