A UDIO -V IDEO S YSTEM P RESENTATION T OPIC : HDTV 3 DTV OLED TV M ADE BY : D EEPIKA KUDDANNAYA S ANGEETA CHANDEL A BHISHEK DUBEY A DITYA MOHANTA

T ABLE OF C ONTENT Serial No.ContentSlide No. 1.Quality Parameters of Television3 2.HDTV6 3.Scanning system8 4.Comparison of HDTV10 5.3DTV11 6.Basis of 3-D display13 7.Active stereoscopy14 8.Passive stereoscopy15 9.Image encoding and decoding17 10.Auto stereoscopy19 11.OLED TV20 12.Structure of OLED23 13.Working principle25 14.OLED advantages and disadvantages Company-wise Comparison

Q UALITY PARAMETERS OF A TELEVISION Frame : a film frame or video frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. When the moving picture is displayed, each frame is flashed on a screen for a short time (nowadays, usually 1/24, 1/25 or 1/30 of a second) and then immediately replaced by the next one. This is called Frame Rate. Persistence of vision blends the frames together, producing the illusion of a moving image.

Q UALITY PARAMETERS OF A TELEVISION Pixels : Pixel or picture element is a physical point in a bitmap image or the smallest addressable element on a display device, like TV/computer screen. Hence, it is the smallest controllable element of the picture represented on the screen.

Q UALITY PARAMETERS OF A TELEVISION Resolution : The resolution of a digital television, computer monitor or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It is usually quoted as width × height, with the units in pixels: for example, " 1024 × 768 " means the width is 1024 pixels and the height is 768 pixels.

H IGH DEFINITION TELEVISION ( HDTV )

High definition television (or HDTV) is a digital television broadcasting system with higher resolution than standard-definition television. Aspect ratio- 16:9 Resolution- 1280*720 Available in both progressive and interlaced scanning.

S CANNING SYSTEM There are two types of scanning systems which are noted with the letter p for progressive scanning or i for interlaced scanning. Progressive or non-interlaced scanning is a method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.

S CANNING SYSTEM Interlaced is a technique of improving the picture quality of a video signal without consuming extra bandwidth. Progressive scanning is better than interlaced scanning because it processes the images in half the time. This faster scanning rate produces higher clarity and color in the picture.

C OMPARISON OF H DTV

3-D IMENSIONAL TELEVISION (3DTV)

3DTV It is a breed of television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing certain sophisticated techniques. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D system or a polarized 3D system and some are auto stereoscopic without the need of glasses.

B ASIS OF 3D D ISPLAY The requirement is to display offset images that are filtered separately to the left and right eye also known as stereoscopic display. Two strategies are used- have the viewer wear eyeglasses to filter the separately offset images to each eye. have the light source split the images directionally into the viewer's eyes (no glasses required).

A CTIVE S TEREOSCOPY An active shutter 3D system is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images. It works by only presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, and repeating this so rapidly that the interruptions do not interfere with the perceived fusion of the two images into a single 3D image.

P ASSIVE S TEREOSCOPY In passive spectroscopy two images are projected superimposed onto the same screen through polarizing filters or presented on a display with polarized filters. The viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which also contain a pair of opposite polarizing filters.

PASSIVE S TEREOSCOPY : COLOURED FILTER 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different colours, typically red and cyan or blue and yellow.

E NCODING AND D ECODING

E NCODED I MAGE

A UTO S TEREOSCOPY Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic images (adding binocular perception of 3D depth) without the use of special headgear or glasses on the part of the viewer. Because headgear is not required, it is also called " glasses-free 3D " or " glassesless 3D "

O RGANIC LED TV ( OLED )

O LED TV Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED). Emerging Technology for displays in devices. Main principle behind OLED technology is electroluminescence. Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible displays.

W HAT IS AN OLED? OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin films of organic molecules that is 100 to 500 nanometres thick. They emits light with the application of electricity. They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are self emitting. They are made from carbon and hydrogen.

S TRUCTURE OF OLED Substrate. Anode. Organic layer. -Conductive layer (Hole Transport Layer). made up of polyaniline or metal-phthalocyanine. -Emissive layer( Electron Transport Layer). made up of polyfluorene or metal chelates. Cathode.

S TRUCTURE OF OLED(F IGURE )

W ORKING P RINCIPLE A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode. Current flows from anode to cathode through the organic layers. Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode. Electrons are removed from conductive layer leaving holes. Holes jump into emissive layer. Electron and hole combine and light emitted.

W ORKING P RINCIPLE ( FIGURE )

OLED DEVICE OPERATION Transparent substrate Anode (ITO) Conductive layer Emissive layer Cathode LUMO HOMO eˉ h+ Light

OLED A DVANTAGES Thinner, lighter and more flexible. Do not require backlighting like LCDs. Can be made to larger sizes. Large fields of view, about 170 degrees. Faster response time. Brighter. Low power consumption. High resolution, <5μm pixel size.

OLED D ISADVANTAGES Expensive. Lifespan. Water damage. Colour balance issues.

F UTURE PROSPECTS

COMPANYTYPESIZERESOLUTIONMRP LGHD TV49’’1920 X ,900 LG3D TV42’’1920 X ,900 LGOLED TV55’’1920 X 10803,09,900 SONYHD TV43’’3840 x ,900 SONY3D TV55’’3840 x 21602,84,900 SONYOLED TV56’’3840 × 21602,89,999 LLOYDHD TV50’’3840 x ,999 LLOYD3D TV65’’3840 x 21602,05,999 COMPANY-WISE COMPARISON