8.0 Compare distinguishing characteristics of pests 8.01 Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pests

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Insects are small animals that have 3 body regions and 3 pairs of legs. (6 legs) 3 Body regions are head, thorax and abdomen.

28.00 Pest Management Body Parts of an Insect

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Five types of mouthpart are important in identifying insects and in controlling insects.

Five Mouthparts Chewing Piercing-Sucking Rasping-Sucking Siphoning Sponging

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Chewing Tearing or grinding food. Ex. Beetles, cutworms, caterpillars, and grasshoppers

28.00 Pest Management Damage to Plants by Pests Damage by chewing insects includes tearing, chewing, or grinding all parts of the plant.

28.00 Pest Management Chewing Insects Beetles – Eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and nuts.

28.00 Pest Management Chewing Insects Cutworms – Usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts.

28.00 Pest Management Chewing Insects Caterpillars – Larva of moths and butterflies are fuzzy and hairy. They eat young leaves and stems. Roll up in leaves, making leaves curl.

28.00 Pest Management Chewing Insects Grasshopper – Eat all parts of the plant

28.00 Pest Management Grasshopper

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Piercing-sucking insects puncture plant and suck sap usually from the underside of the leaves or on the stem.

Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Piercing-sucking insects include Aphids Mealy bugs Mites Leaf bugs Whiteflies

Damage to Plants Damage causes yellow spotted leaves which result in stunted growth

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Aphids – (A.K.A. plant lice) Pierces and sucks juices. Causes stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves. Causes sticky substance and black mold, which attracts ants. Ladybugs are their predators – biological control.

28.00 Pest Management Aphids

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Leaf Bugs – Causes plants to look unhealthy. Plants loose their normal color and wilt.

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Mealy bugs – Pierce and suck from the underside of the leaves and in leaf axis. Causes yellow appearance and sticky secretions.

28.00 Pest Management Mealy Bugs

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Scale – Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and undersides of the leaf. Causes yellow leaves and stunted growth.

28.00 Pest Management Scale

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Whiteflies – Feed on the underside of young leaves, causing yellowing. They will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken.

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Mites – Attack the underside of the leaves. Causes gray to grayish green spots. Severe infestations cause webbing.

28.00 Pest Management Spider Mite

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Rasping-sucking rasps or break the leaf surface and sucks sap. Ex. thrips

Damage to Plants Damaged plant tissue becomes speckled and white

28.00 Pest Management Sucking Insects Thrips – Chews and then sucks Causes leaf tips to wither, curl up, then die.

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Siphoning Dip a coiled tube into a liquid food such as nectar draws (or siphon) it in. Butterflies

Damage to Plants Siphoning insects do little or no damage to the plant

28.00 Pest Management Butterfly

28.00 Pest Management Anatomy and Life Cycle of Insects Sponging- have 2 sponge- like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal. Ex. housefly

Damage to Plants Sponging insects can carry infection or disease that can damage the plant

28.00 Pest Management Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis has 4 stages: 1.Egg 2.Larva-worm or caterpillars 3.Pupa-resting 4.Adult

28.00 Pest Management Complete Metamorphosis

28.00 Pest Management Life Cycle Incomplete metamorphosis has 3 stages. 1.Egg 2.Nymph-baby insect 3.Adult

28.00 Pest Management Incomplete Metamorphosis

Insect must be killed when they are actively feeding or moving on the plant.