 Transport has 2 aspects: 1. of materials into cells- Occurs over cell membrane. 2. of the absorbed materials. Absorption selectively permeable Circulation

1. - “diffusion”  No (ATP) needed to transport materials over cell membrane.  Molecules (gases, Kool-Aid, anything) move from an area of concentration to an area of concentration until a balance of molecules is reached.  Diffusion of water = Passive Transport energy HIGH LOW Osmosis

 When the solution that surrounds a cell has less water than the cell (ex: salt water), water will  The cell will dehydrate! leave the cell! shrivel/

 When the solution that surrounds a cell has more water than the cell (ex: fresh water), water  Cell will and could burst! enters the cell! swell

 When the solution that surrounds the cell has the same amount of water as the cell……………. nothing happens!

 Plasmolysis Plasmolysis  Turgor Pressure Turgor Pressure

 What do you think would happen to Gummy Bears if we placed them in salt water?  In distilled water?

 (ATP) is needed to get materials across the cell membrane. Sometimes, materials are too big to just passively fit through the membrane.  Molecules move from concentration to concentration.  Also when cells use energy to engulf things: - ex: when a paramecium eats amoeba or when WBC engulfs/eats bacteria or viruses. Energy LOW HIGH phagocytosis

 Ameba Eating Paramecium Ameba Eating Paramecium  Paramecium Paramecium

 Circulation in the human body has 2 parts: 1. - Just like a sponge absorbs, so does our bloodstream. Our blood absorbs nutrients, oxygen, and wastes from EVERY CELL of our body Our blood then moves (transports) these nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to where they need to go. Absorption Transport

 Travels through closed  Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells  Picks up Carbon Dioxide and wastes from lysosomes and vacuoles  Is a (group of cells working together) vessels tissue

1. - liquid part of the blood that all the other blood cells float in  Made mostly of  Carries wastes, nutrients, hormones, and some carbon dioxide Plasma water

2.  Help clot blood  Help, prevent us from bleeding to death!  Help heal broken blood vessels inside our bodies ( )  Smallest blood cell (only part of a cell)  Shaped like little Platelets Video Platelets heal cuts bruises plates

3. Red Blood Cells  Have no  Produced in bone marrow  Contains which carries (RBCs) nucleus hemoglobin oxygen

4. White Blood Cells  Fight off bacteria, infections, and germs by engulfing (eating) them or by producing antibodies that fight disease.  Increase in number  blood cells. (WBCs) (phagocytosis)phagocytosis) during an infection Largest

 - when there are too many WBC’s (“cancer of the blood”)  - not enough RBC’s, therefore, not enough hemoglobin. Low hemoglobin means low oxygen levels, so the person will be very  when RBC’s become shaped like a crescent, cannot carry enough oxygen, so the person is Blood sample slides Leukemia Anemia TIRED! Sickle Cell Anemia- tired and feels pain

 Sickle Cell Video Sickle Cell Video

 Sickle cell video (15 mins) Sickle cell video

 There are 4 types of blood:  Blood is named for the antigens that are present on RBC’s. ( =anything that your body sees as foreign). Blood TypeAntigen on RBC (Enemy) Antibodies in plasma (Attackers) A B AB O A B A & B None Anti-B Anti-A Neither Both Anti-A & Anti-B A, B, AB, & O Antigens

 Type O is the “ ” because there are no antigens to be seen as foreign)  The AB is the “ ” because it doesn’t have antibodies to attack anything. universal donor universal recipient

 When doctors do a, they need to be sure that the person they are giving blood to (recipient) does not have any antibodies that would attack the blood donor’s antigens (causes clumping which leads to ). Blood TypeCan Donate ToCan Receive From B, AB AB A, B, AB, O A, O B, O A, B, AB, O O A, ABA B AB O blood transfusion DEATH

 Designed to protect our body against:  - anything our body sees as foreign (virus, bacteria, pollen if you have allergies) and produces antibodies against.  - Anything that causes disease (virus, bacteria). Antigen Pathogen

 - the accumulation of antibodies that enable our body to resist disease.  - protein in the blood that detects and destroys Immunity Antibody antigens.

 - When your body “actively” fights an antigen.  Occurs when you get the disease (like catching a cold)  OR when you get a (an injection of a dead or weakened virus/disease. This alarms your WBC’s to produce ) Active vaccination antibodies

 Once your body has produced antibodies for a disease/virus, every time you come in contact with the disease/virus, your recognize the disease and automatically produce that will kill the invader.  - WBCs that engulf germs  - WBCs that produce antibodies WBCs antibodies Phagocytes Lymphocytes

 When your body “passively” gets immunity, occurs when:  Antibodies are (rare)  Babies receive mother’s antibodies while in the or through  Video #11: Immune System injected uterus breastmilk.

AIDS lesson…

 Can be brought on by reactions to things like pollen, dust, pet hair.  Occurs when your body sees these things as and produces  Because there are no real harmful substances present, the have nothing to non-harmful antigens antibodies. antibodies fight.

 Antibodies make a chemical called (causes sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes).  Medications containing help. histamine antihistamines

 Blood is transported in blood vessels. There are three types:  Arteries  Veins  Capillaries

, thickest, blood vessel  Carry blood from heart  Feel the pulse in your (because the blood is under the most pressure in an artery)  Largest artery is the Biggest away artery aorta.

 than arteries but than capillaries  Carry blood to the  The largest vein is the.  Have to prevent the backflow of blood. Smaller bigger heart vena cava valves

 Capillary video clip Capillary video clip  blood vessel, 1 cell thick.  Connect arteries to  Site of of materials between the blood and our body cells because they’re so thin! Smallest veins DIFFUSION

 The HEART!  The pumping organ Heart clipHeart clip “the Human Heart”

 First we’ll travel to the:  A vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the. This vein leads directly into the atrium.  Upper chamber of the heart. Receives deoxygenated blood from the.  Valve- Between and. Prevents backflow of blood.  Right - sends all of this deoxygenated blood to the  Artery- takes the deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to be “cleaned.” Vena Cava- heart right Right Atrium- body atrium ventricles Ventricle lungs. Pulmonary

 - here, the blood dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up in the microscopic lung structure of the.  Pulmonary - takes oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs (clean blood) so the can pump it through the body.  Pulmonary Valve, Tricuspid Valve Pulmonary ValveTricuspid Valve  “Pump your Blood” song “Pump your Blood” song Lungs oxygen alveoli Vein heart

 Left - Receives oxygenated blood from the  Valve  Left - sends oxygenated blood to the body through the  Aorta- largest, takes oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body.  Septum- separates of the heart, keeps oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood separate. Atrium lungs. Ventricle aorta. artery left and right sides

 High  When there’s too much pressure on your  Can damage your because it has to pump too hard  Can damage your  Caused by poor diet, heredity, smoking, and Blood Pressure: arteries heart arteries stress, aging

 When the heart doesn’t get enough and it “suffocates.”  Can damage the  Can lead to death  Same as high blood pressure oxygen heart causes

 Mammalian Heart Mammalian Heart  Effect of vagus nerve on the heart Effect of vagus nerve on the heart  Bill Nye Bill Nye Review sheets on next slides Epinepherine effect on heart Heart sounds