Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 81 Topic: 14.2 Components of Blood Essential Questions: None. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 14.2 Components of Blood Turn in “Twitter Talk” To Google Classroom (if you haven’t already)

2 Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes (e-ryth-ro-cytes) aka Red Blood Cells Lack nuclei and mitochondria Biconcave discs (thinner in center) This shape allows them to: Transport gases-- O ₂ and CO ₂ Squeeze through capillaries Places the cell membrane closer to the O ₂ carrying hemoglobin

3 Red Blood Cell Counts (RBCC) Number of RBCs in a cubic millimeter (mm 3 )of blood 4,600,000 – 6,200,000 in males 4,200,000 – 5,400,000 in females 4,500,000 – 5,100,000 in children Reflects blood’s oxygen carrying capacity

4 RBCs are about 1/3 hemoglobin by volume Hemoglobin: Oxygen carrying molecule Responsible for the color of blood Oxyhemoglobin – High O ₂, Low CO ₂ Bright red Deoxyhemoglobin – High CO ₂, Low O ₂ Darker red May appear bluish when viewed through blood vessel walls Red Blood Cells

RBCs and Oxygen (1m8s) 5 Pg. 80 – 3 bullets

6 Cyanosis: A person experiencing prolonged oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) Superficial blood vessels constrict, slowing blood flow, allowing removal of more oxygen The skin and mucous membranes appear bluish due to an abnormally high amount of deoxyhemoglobin Exposure to low temps may also result in cyanosis Red Blood Cells

7 Anemia Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Not enough RBCs= cells will not get enough oxygen Fatigue is a major symptom May need to supplement diet with iron

8 Types of Anemia

9 Red Blood Cells Life Cycle of RBCs: Low blood oxygen causes kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production Produced by: red bone marrow Life span: approx. 120 days RBCs will travel through the body about 75,000 times

Red Blood Cell Production (44s) 10 Pg. 80 – 2 bullets

11 Red Blood Cells Destruction of RBCs: Macrophages in spleen and liver destroy worn out RBCs Hemoglobin is broken down into heme and globin Iron from heme returns to red bone marrow Heme further breaks down into Bilirubin and biliverdin which will be excreted by bile of liver

12 Erythrocytosis: a condition where an individual produces about 25% more red blood cells than normal The result… GREAT physical endurance Can be mocked by “blood doping” Eero Mäntyranta 3 Olympic gold metals Two world championships in cross country skiing Red Blood Cells

13 White Blood Cells Leukocytes aka White blood Cells (WBC) Protect against disease Blood transports WBCs to sites of infection They can leave the bloodstream

14 White Blood Cell Counts Normal: 5,000 – 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood Differential WBC count may indicate infections: Leukopenia Low WBC count (below 5,000) Typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS, may come from anemia, lead, arsenic, or mercury poisoning. Leukocytosis High WBC count (above 10,000) Acute infections, appendicitis May follow vigorous exercise, emotional disturbances, great loss of body fluids

15 White Blood Cell Counts

16 White Blood Cells Neutrophils: 54% - 62% of leukocytes These are the one of the most active WBCs in phagocytosis First to arrive at infections Elevated in bacterial infections

Neutrophils (2m14s) 17 Pg. 80 – 5 bullets

18 White Blood Cells Lymphocytes: 25% - 33% of leukocytes Act against foreign substances Two types: T cells directly attack microorganisms B cells produce antibodies which will attack foreign molecules

19 White Blood Cells Monocytes: 3% - 9% of leukocytes Largest blood cell Leaves bloodstream to become macrophages Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris

20 White Blood Cells Eosinophils: 1% - 3% of leukocytes Elevated in parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions

21 Basophils Basophils: >1% of leukocytes Migrates to damaged tissue Releases histamine which causes inflammation and slows down the spread of invading microorganism Releases heparin which increases blood flow to injured tissues inhibiting blood clotting As bacteria, WBCs, and damaged cells accumulate in an inflamed area pus forms

Types of WBCs and Their Functions (4m38s) 22 Pg. 80 – 5 bullets

23 Blood Platelets Thrombocytes aka platelets They are not complete cells; fragments of cells 130,000 – 360,000 per cubic millimeter of blood Helps control blood loss from broken vessels

24 Blood Plasma Plasma: Straw colored Liquid portion of blood Plasma is 92% water

Crash Course: Blood, Part I (4m28s) zXsbiPZD2ycT1kJPRPXZbG 25 Pg. 80 – 5 bullets

26 Sickle Cell Disease: A single DNA base mutation causes an incorrect amino acid to be incorporated into a hemoglobin, causing it to bend into a “sickle” shape Blocks circulation in small vessels Causes excruciating joint pain and damages many organs Red Blood Cells

27 White Blood Cells Diapadesis: leukocytes squeeze between the cells of a capillary wall and enter the tissue space outside the blood vessel (leave circulation) Functions of WBC: to protect against infection in various ways

28 Positive Chemotaxis Movement of leukocytes toward the damaged tissue region because of the chemicals that were released by damaged cells

Diapedesis and Chemotaxis 29

Blood Cells PowerPoint Directions: Please create a 1-3 slide Powerpoint Presentation on the type of cell you are assigned. Mrs. McCobb will then grade/edit (as needed) the compilation PPT to present to the class on Thursday for notes.  Save/Export as a PowerPoint Presentation o File  Export  PPT  Next  Save as: (Title of PPT)  Where: Desktop  Export  Submit to Edmodo. Please include all group members’ names in the comment section.