Unit: Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions: Single Replacement 6.8- Notes

After today you will be able to… Identify a single replacement reaction Predict the products in words for single replacement reactions

Predicting Products 3.Single Replacement: An element and compound react to form a different element and compound Common form: Element + Compound  Element +Compound A + BC  AC + B

Predicting Products These reactions do not always occur. You must use the “activity series” sheet “Like will replace like” – metals always replace metals, etc.

Examples of single replacements: (1)A metal in a compound is replaced by a more active metal lithium + zinc acetate  zinc + lithium acetate (Metal) ? Must use the activity series! Lithium is more reactive than zinc. Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver

Examples of single replacements: copper + aluminum sulfate  NO REACTION (Metal) ? Copper is lower on activity series and therefore is less reactive than aluminum. Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver

Examples of single replacements: lead (II) carbonate + barium  barium + lead carbonate (Metal) ? No Roman Numeral necessary! Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver

Examples of single replacements: (2) Hydrogen in water is replaced by a more active metal sodium + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Tip: Change water into “hydrogen hydroxide.” Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver hydrogen hydroxide

Examples of single replacements: (3) Hydrogen in acid is replaced by a more active metal calcium + phosphoric acid  calcium + hydrogen phosphate Tip: Change acid names into their ionic name. Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver hydrogen phosphate

Examples of single replacements: (4) A non-metal in a compound is replaced by a more active non- metal fluorine + magnesium iodide  magnesium + iodine fluoride Tip: Watch your endings! Make sure non- metals replace non-metals! Activity Series of Non-Metals Listed in order of decreasing activity. fluorine chlorine bromine iodine (Non-metal)

Predicting Products 4.Double Replacement: Two compounds react to form two new compounds Common form: Compound + Compound  Compound +Compound AB + CD  AD + CB

Examples of double replacements: copper (I) + barium  sulfate (aq) nitrate (aq) copper (I) + barium nitrate (aq) sulfate (s) Do not use the activity series for these reactions! You have to use your solubility rules

Examples of double replacements: A neutralization reaction is a type of double replacement reaction. Neutralization reaction: Is a reaction between an acid and a base (base – a metal hydroxide, ex: NaOH)

Example of a neutralization: aluminum nitric  hydroxide (aq) + acid aluminum + water (l) nitrate (aq) Water will always be a product! hydrogen nitrate