“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Colt International Ltd Fundamentals of Evaporative Cooling Colt CPD Technical Seminar

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” |

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Agenda A Brief History of Colt Principles & Terminology Applicability Evaporative Cooling in relation to alternative approaches Theory & Hygiene Issues Specific applications – Data Centres Questions

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | A brief history of Colt A private company founded in 1931 I J O’Hea OBE ( ) 2014 Group turnover £146 million Manufactures in the UK, Holland, Germany and China I J O’Hea Colt Founder

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Current UK Business Markets Smoke Control Solar Shading Natural Ventilation Louvre Environmental Comfort Control

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | What is Adiabatic Evaporative cooling? -Wet your finger and blow on it -Get out of the sea or a swimming pool when the day is breezy -Perfume or aftershave on your skin Principles & Technology

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Evaporation -Change of liquid to a gas -2,436 kilojoules / gram -Heat energy taken from the air into the water vapour Adiabatic? -Without exchange of energy Principles & Technology

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Where is the technology applicable Applicability

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Fundamentals of Evaporative Cooling

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Physical process Ancient Egypt & Greece had quite complex systems to exploit it Estimated to be millions of installations using the principle worldwide A proven technology

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | 35 o C 44 o C 25 o C Room temperature: +10 o C higher than outdoor Outside 25 o C  35 o C in work zone No ventilation

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | o C 27 o C o C 3 o C higher than outdoor + air movement EURO-CO FCO Outdoor 25 o C Temperature drops by 8 o C to 27 o C Outdoor 25 o C Temperature drops by 8 o C to 27 o C Natural ventilation

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | 30 o C 26 o C 25 o C 26 o C 27 o C Inside 1 ~ 2 o C higher than outdoor + air movement COLTAIR Temperature drops further… Natural and mechanical ventilation

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Natural ventilation and adiabatic cooled supply air 32 o C 38 o C 22 o C 29 o C 24 o C Inside 4-8 o C cooler than outside + air movement + 100% fresh air CoolStream + Coltair Temp. in work zone is lower than outside 26 o C

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Mechanical cooling 16 o C 35 o C 24 o C Inside cool as you want, but… less air movement, no or less fresh air Chiller + AHU The solution completely changes… 26 o C 40 o C

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Cooling stage model How much is necessary? How much is adequate? How much is too much? Applicable buildings 35°C35°C Investment costs Running costs

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | 32 deg C & 40% RH Resultant condition must lie on the enthalpy line Theory

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Theory Air temperature will reduce & Relative Humidity will increase

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Advantages Environmentally Safe Hotter external temperature increases performance Low running cost Fresh air No adverse impact on comfort – ISO7730 Low weight

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Legionella Stagnant water: between 20 o C – 55 o C Critical temperature: 37 o C Water droplets: 1-5µm ASHRAE VDI 6022 Health & Hygiene

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Data centre cooling High energy use PUE “Sustainable Cooling for Data Centres” Free Cooling ASHRAE, Chapter 19

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | ASHRAE Class 1 Data Centre Operating Conditions Allowable Recommended Data centre cooling

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Key Benefits of Evaporative cooling -PUE < 1.1 -Significant energy saving -Lower capital cost -Cooling equipment located externally -Additional server space -No services within server room -N, N+1, 2N Data centre cooling

“People feel better in Colt conditions” | “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Pressurisation Systems – Performnce testing Ventilation In Car Parks “People feel better in Colt conditions” | Q&A Session…