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ORGANIZED CRIME NEWS Mexico Media on High Alert After Drug-Gang Attack on Televisa Time.com Editors at Televisa, the world's most popular Spanish- language network, were having a lively news meeting in the northern Mexico city of Monterrey when they heard a series of pops followed by a thunderous explosion. Running outside, the editors realized the top breaking news item had come straight to them. The pops were bullets sprayed from Kalashnikov automatic rifles directly into the faÇade of their offices. The blast was from a fragmentation grenade. Next to the debris was a message scrawled on cardboard: "Stop just broadcasting us. Also broadcast the narco politicians," it said.

The Jan. 6 assault on Televisa's offices was the latest in a series of attacks on Mexico's media as the nation writhes in an orgy of drug- related bloodshed. Out of a record 5,300 deaths from beheadings, assassinations and massacres last year, eight of them were murdered Mexican journalists, making Mexico the most dangerous country for their trade in the hemisphere. Furthermore, many reporters in cities on the front lines of the drug war say they are systematically threatened, beaten and offered bribes because of their coverage of organized crime. (See pictures of the war on crime in Mexico City.)drug- related bloodshedbeheadingsmassacresSee pictures of the war on crime in Mexico City. But even by such appalling standards, the Televisa attack stood out in the way the assailants so blatantly tried to dictate the coverage of Mexico's television giant, which is probably the most powerful media organization south of the Rio Grande. Earning about 75% of Mexico's broadcast advertising, Televisa has long had an overwhelming influence on the nation's political life.

Presidents, lobbyists and rising politicians all fight hard for space on its nightly noticiero, which regularly breaks leading stories. "Televisa has the equivalent political clout of ABC, NBC and CBS combined," says Mexican media investigator Raul Trejo. "When the narcos threaten this organization, they are showing they see no limits in their power.” Counting revenues of some $3.5 billion a year, Televisa is headed by Emilio Azcarraga Jean, 40, who inherited the empire from his father Emilio Azcarraga Milmo, who was known as "El Tigre" because of his white-streaked hair and fierce character. The network catapulted onto the world stage by exporting its steamy telenovelas, which have been translated into more than 50 languages from Korean to Romanian.

Critics lambasted the network for giving uncritical support to the government during decades of one-party rule. However, since the advent of multiparty democracy in 2000, Televisa has given fairly equal airtime to competing candidates. In the past year, Televisa has broadcast daily coverage of the drug war, filming scenes of corpses, firefights and arrests amid the battles between trafficking warlords and government forces. However, it has not led any groundbreaking exposÉs on the cartel empires or their networks of political corruption. "We do not hold back from reporting anything. But at the same time, we do not do detective work because we are not policemen," says Francisco Cobos, news editor at Televisa Monterrey, who witnessed the Jan. 6 blasts.

Televisa has also resisted showing the messages that the cartels write or print on blankets, which are strewn over bridges and hung on public walls as part of their campaign of terrorism. Known as narco mantas (capes), many messages in recent months have accused the administration of President Felipe CalderÓn of working with the Sinaloa cartel based on Mexico's Pacific Coast. Monterrey is home to the rival Gulf cartel, which is believed to be behind many of these messages.Sinaloa cartel based on Mexico's Pacific Coast. Soldiers and federal police guarded the Televisa offices in the days following the attack, while Mexican and international media organizations poured out condemnations and demanded the apprehension of the assailants. "Solving this attack will be a new test for the government, which wants to make it a federal crime to use violence against the press," said Paris- based Reporters Without Borders in a news release.

Cobos said there are no plans for Televisa to change its coverage. However, in a statement on television, he said staff will take more safety measures. "I think we will continue doing our job in the most efficient way possible but with the precautions that these types of messages [require us to take]," he said. "Men of organized crime, I want to tell you that we don't have anything against you. We are communicators. We are journalists. We are dedicated to informing, and as such, my colleagues don't want to be in the middle of these bullets." By IOAN GRILLO / MEXICO CITY Thursday, Jan. 15,

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME

This seminar will focus on the extent of influence and power that Latino drug cartels, those in South America and Mexico, have on the U.S. drug scene. Our discussion will include the drugs the cartels import, their political influence, and efforts to combat their activities. You should be familiar with the structure of these drug cartels, the effects they have had on their own government's ability to control them, and their methods of operation.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Colombian organizations control most of the world’s _______ industry. Colombia is only South American country with both _______ and ________ coastlines. Colombian traffickers exemplify citizens’ lack of belief in legitimacy of country’s institutions. Murder is frequent occurrence in Columbia; methods are often sadistic: Corte de corbatta: “_________ _______” No dejar la semilla: “___’_ _____ ___ ____”

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Colombian organizations control most of the world’s cocaine industry. Colombia is only South American country with both Pacific and Caribbean coastlines. Colombian traffickers exemplify citizens’ lack of belief in legitimacy of country’s institutions. Murder is frequent occurrence in Columbia; methods are often sadistic: Corte de corbatta: “Colombian necktie” No dejar la semilla: “Don’t leave the seed”

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Until early 1970s, Colombians supplied cocaine and marijuana to ______ for import into the U.S. In late 1960s, Colombian immigrants (many illegal) flooded U.S., established communities in major American cities. By 1976, highly organized Colombian traffickers began executing Cubans in _____ / ___ ____. Then cocaine wars between Colombian gangs began, bringing terror to _____ _______.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Until early 1970s, Colombians supplied cocaine and marijuana to Cubans for import into the U.S. In late 1960s, Colombian immigrants (many illegal) flooded U.S., established communities in major American cities. By 1976, highly organized Colombian traffickers began executing Cubans in Miami/New York. Then cocaine wars between Colombian gangs began, bringing terror to South Florida.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Colombians’ propensity for violence let them dominate rivals in cocaine business and face down other OC groups (the Sicilian Mafia). Persuading farmers to plant subsistence crops failed: poor roads prevented access to markets until the 1980s—when cartels enticed farmers to grow coca. Weak federal presence in many regions is ideal for coca cultivation/cocaine production: only local officials have to be bribed.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME In remote jungle areas, Revolutionary _____ ______ of ________ (FARC) guerillas protect crops and levy taxes on drug business. In FARC controlled areas, economy is built on coca; coca paste serves as local currency. Traffickers buy _____, make _______, ship to the U.S. by the ton. FARC taxes the trade. _____________ forces opposing FARC aren’t trying to stop drug business—just take over..

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME In remote jungle areas, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerillas protect crops and levy taxes on drug business. In FARC controlled areas, economy is built on coca; coca paste serves as local currency. Traffickers buy paste, make cocaine, ship to the U.S. by the ton. FARC taxes the trade. Paramilitary forces opposing FARC aren’t trying to stop drug business—just take over..

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME ____________________ promotes efficiency and security for major trafficking cartels. __________ networks are fluid: may set up for a single shipment, or may function for 6 months to a year. The sheer volume of transactions makes cartels vulnerable to sophisticated law enforcement efforts… …but infiltrating a Colombian drug group is almost impossible.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Compartmentalization promotes efficiency and security for major trafficking cartels. Distribution networks are fluid: may set up for a single shipment, or may function for 6 months to a year. The sheer volume of transactions makes cartels vulnerable to sophisticated law enforcement efforts… …but infiltrating a Colombian drug group is almost impossible.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME The most notorious Colombian cartels were in: Medellín Culture of violence makes its murder rate nine times that of New York City Founders included _____ ______, the Ochoa clan, and Carlos Lehder-Rivas ____ A loose alliance of five trafficking groups headed up by Orejuela brothers and José Santacruz Londono U.S. headquarters in Elmhurst-Jackson Heights area of ______, New York

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME The most notorious Colombian cartels were in: Medellín Culture of violence makes its murder rate nine times that of New York City Founders included Pablo Escobar, the Ochoa clan, and Carlos Lehder-Rivas Cali A loose alliance of five trafficking groups headed up by Orejuela brothers and José Santacruz Londono U.S. headquarters in Elmhurst-Jackson Heights area of Queens, New York

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Government success against Medellin and Cali cartels fragmented Colombian cocaine trade. This reduced traffickers’ efficiency, but makes it harder for law enforcement to combat them. DEA says Colombian traffickers will dominate international cocaine trade well into the twenty-first century because they: control cocaine supply at its ______; control _________ smuggling routes; dominate wholesale markets in eastern _.. and _______; and are also aggressively increasing their share of the U.S. ______ market.

LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME LATINO ORGANIZED CRIME Government success against Medellin and Cali cartels fragmented Colombian cocaine trade. This reduced traffickers’ efficiency, but makes it harder for law enforcement to combat them. DEA says Colombian traffickers will dominate international cocaine trade well into the twenty-first century because they: control cocaine supply at its source; control Caribbean smuggling routes; dominate wholesale markets in eastern U.S. and Europe; and are also aggressively increasing their share of the U.S. heroin market.

Mexican OC Flourishes in atmosphere of endemic __________. In early 1990s, made deal with Colombians. As a result, Mexican OC now: Controls most wholesale _______ distribution throughout Western and Midwestern U.S. Launders _____ for Colombian clients. Delivers directly to wholesale-level clients on behalf of Colombian cocaine groups. Mexican OC has diversified into heroin, marijuana and, most recently, ________________ markets.

Mexican OC Flourishes in atmosphere of endemic corruption. In early 1990s, made deal with Colombians. As a result, Mexican OC now: Controls most wholesale cocaine distribution throughout Western and Midwestern U.S. Launders money for Colombian clients. Delivers directly to wholesale-level clients on behalf of Colombian cocaine groups. Mexican OC has diversified into heroin, marijuana and, most recently, methamphetamine markets.

Mexican OC Major Mexican trafficking groups include: The Amezcuas (Colima) Cartel The Herrera Family The Sinaloa Cartel The Gulf Cartel The Tijuana Cartel The Juarez Cartel The Sonora Cartel Mexican OC also extensively involved in alien smuggling, particularly young girls and women to work in brothels.

THE MEXICAN MAFIA Prison gang found in at least nine state systems. Reputedly, most powerful of all prison-based organized crime groups. Attempts to diminish gang power by transferring members to other prisons helped spread influence. Have attempted to organize Hispanic gangs on the outside to confront black Los Angeles gangs for control of drug trade. In 1998, twelve members were convicted of RICO violations for directing terror campaign from their prison cells to control street gang drug trafficking.

MARA SALVATRUCHA (MS-13 or Los Mara) Roots in El Salvador. Strong, extremely violent presence in Hispanic neighborhoods in D.C., New York, L.A. Now following migrant Latino food processing workers into more rural areas of U.S. Traffic in methamphetamine and participate in large- scale theft, chop shops, extortion.

MARA SALVATRUCHA (MS-13 or Los Mara) MS13: The World's Most Dangerous Gang 1

MARA SALVATRUCHA (MS-13 or Los Mara) MS13: The World's Most Dangerous Gang 5

THANK YOU FOR YOUR HARD WORK CJ350 Organized Crime