Ancient Egypt Overview January 21st, 2016

Unification of Ancient Egypt Lower Egypt was in the north (lower elevation) with its capital at Memphis (Nile Delta area, Giza Plateau and Pyramids). RED CROWN Upper Egypt was in the south (higher elevation) with its capital at Thebes (Valley of the Kings, Luxor Temple, and Karnak Temple). WHITE CROWN (looks like a bowling pin) Menes was the king of Upper Egypt who conquered Lower Egypt in 3100BC/BCE. He wore a DOUBLE CROWN that put the white crown and red crown together.

Ancient Egyptian History Periods Time Frame Nile Culture Begins 3900 B. C. E. Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

The Kingdoms There were three major time periods of ancient Egyptian history called the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. In between each of these eras things were chaotic.

Old Kingdom 2750-2260 BC/BCE Pyramids at Giza were built. 200 years of civil wars destroyed the Old Kingdom.

Middle Kingdom 2061-1784 BC/BCE Time of culture and trade. The Hyksos from Asia invaded and destroyed the Middle Kingdom.

Egypt became an empire by conquering other nations. New Kingdom 1570-1070 BC/BCE Egypt became an empire by conquering other nations.

Believed to be both gods and kings Pharaohs Believed to be both gods and kings

Hatshepsut Took over the throne when her brother/husband died. Ruled for 22 years. One of ancient Egypt’s greatest pharaohs. One of the few woman to rule Egypt as pharaoh. Sent explorers to expand trade with other countries. Egyptian art was advanced during her reign. Built a temple at Deir al-Bahri near Thebes and the Valley of the Kings.

Thutmose III Hatshepsut’s nephew/step-son Erased her name from monuments and documents possibly because he thought Egypt shouldn’t have been ruled by a woman. Great military leader. Egypt was at its largest during his reign.

Ramses II Also known as Ramses the Great. Built Abu Simbel temple. Made the world’s first peace treaty with the Hittites. Most powerful pharaoh to rule ancient Egypt. Built more monuments and temples than any other pharaoh. Ruled for 66 years.

KUSH Country located south of Egypt. Capital city was Meroë. Area was rich in granite, gold, ivory, cattle, and IRON ORE (great for tools and weapons). For a long time Kush was forced to pay tribute to Egypt. After the New Kingdom, Kush conquered Egypt in 750 BC/BCE, but Egypt was taken from Kush by Assyria 100 years later.

Routes of the “Sea Peoples” The End of the Bronze Age!

Practice Directions: Read about each of the 3 Kingdoms and annotate the text. After reading and annotating, fill out the chart below using the terms provided. Place each of following pieces of information under the Egyptian Kingdom that it best describes.

KEY WORDS/VOCABULARY: Exit-Slip KEY WORDS/VOCABULARY: PHARAOHS TOMBS VALLEY OF THE KINGS RAMSES THE GREAT PYRAMIDS Directions: In 3 or more sentences, describe the 3 Kingdoms of Egypt using key words/vocabulary from today’s lesson. Ancient Egypt was divided into three periods of time: the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. The Old Kingdom… The Middle Kingdom… The New Kingdom…