1 INFLUENCE OF MAIZE-BASED CAPs ON PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND SOIL FERTILITY IN RAINFED UPLANDS OF ODISHA, INDIA Prof. P. K. Roul, Associate Director of Research & Host Country P.I., SMARTS Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar Orissa, India

2 RAINFED UPLANDS IN ODISHA Rainfed agriculture in Odisha comprises  71% of total cropped area  72% kharif cropped area  64% of rabi cropped area Land types in Odisha Up land 45% Medium land 30% Low land 25% ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

 Degradation of natural resources  Lowering of production efficiency  Increasing poverty, malnutrition, starvation  Threatened agricultural biodiversity and food security ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR 3 Rainfed Uplands suffer from

ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR Join Hands for a Conservation Agriculture based Participatory Research on: “ SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR TRIBAL SOCIETIES (SMARTS) ” Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar & University of Hawaii, USA With support from 4 In Rainfed Tracts of Odisha

ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR Analytical Hierarchy Process surveys Perception and preference for CAPS WORKSHOP MARCH Objectives  Socio-economic surveying of farm households to study current farming practices, production rates, & income  Establishing prefered crop-based CAPs  Assess yield, income and soil effects

6 TillageSeason Rainy season (June-October) Post rainy season, (November-January) ConventionalMaizeMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow ConventionalMaize + cowpeaMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow MinimumMaizeMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow MinimumMaize + cowpeaMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow

7 Treatment Plant ht at harvest (cm) LAIat 60 DAS No.of cob plant -1 Length of cob (cm) Weight of dry cob (g) Numb er of seeds cob seed weight (g) Grain Yield (qha -1 ) Stover Yield (qha -1 ) Conventional tillage-Maize Conventional tillage – Maize+ cowpea Minimum tillage-Maize Minimumtillage- Maize+cowpea SEm(±) CD(P=0.05) NS NS Table 1.Effect of tillage and intercropping on yield attributing characters, grain and stover yield of maize

8 Table 2:Effect of tillage, maize- based cropping on yield of maize associated crops Treatments Cowpea yield (qha -1 ) Toria yield (qha -1 ) Horse gram yield (qha -1 ) PodStoverSeedStalkSeedStover Conventional tillage -Maize- Fallow Conventional tillage -Maize- Toria Conventional tillage-Maize- Horse gram Conventional tillage- Maize+Cowpea-Fallow Conventional tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Toria Conventional tillage-Maize+Cowpea- Horse gram Minimum tillage-Maize-Fallow Minimum tillage-Maize-Toria Minimum tillage-Maize-Horse gram Minimum tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Fallow Minimum tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Toria Minimum tillage -Maize+Cowpea- Horse gram ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

9 Table 3. Effect of tillage and cropping on productivity (maize equivalent yield, q ha -1 ) and economics of maize-based system Treatment Main plot (Rainy season treatments) System producti vity Per day productivity (MEY, qha -1 day -1 ) Cost of Cultivation (Rs ha -1 ) Goss Return (Rs ha -1 ) Net Return (Rs ha -1 ) Return Per rupee invested Conventional tillage-Maize ,76 Conventional tillage- Maize+cowpea Minimum tillage-Maize Minimum tillage- Maize+cowpea SEM (±) CD (P = 0.05) Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover crop Toria as cover crop Horse gram as cover crop SEM (±) CD (P = 0.05) ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

10 Main plot (Rainy season treatments) Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover cropToria as cover crop Horse gram as cover crop Conventional tillage-Maize Conventional tillage-Maize+cowpea Minimum tillage-Maize Minimum tillage-Maize+cowpea Main×SubSub-Main SEm(±) CD(P=0.05) Table 4. Effect of tillage and cropping on productivity (maize equivalent yield, q ha -1 ) of system

11 Table 5. Effect of tillage and cropping on soil fertility under maize-based system Treatment Main plot (Rainy season treatments) pH(1:2.5)BD (Mgm -3 ) Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) InitialFinalInitialFinalInitialFinal Conventional tillage-Maize Conventional tillage- Maize+cowpea Minimum tillage-Maize Minimum tillage-Maize+cowpea Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover crop Toria as cover crop Horse gram as cover crop Thus growing maize+cowpea under minimum tillage followed by toria is superior in terms of productivity, profitability and soil fertility. ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

Thank you Thank you !!