Chapter 12 Notes MWH 9 th Grade Marston-Arcadia High School

Chapter 12:Section 1 Development of the Cold War: Significance: At the end of WW II, the United States & the Soviet Union differed greatly & became fierce rivals

Development of the Cold War 1. Rivalry in Europe: U.S. & U.S.S.R. disagreed over the fate of Eastern Europe

Development of the Cold War 2. Truman Doctrine: (1947) U.S. would provide money to countries threatened by communist takeovers (Greece)

Truman Doctrine

Development of the Cold War 3. Marshall Plan: Rebuild Western Europe- led to containment policy.

Marshall Plan

Development of the Cold War 4. Division of Germany: Germany & Berlin in post WW II, divided into 4 parts.

Berlin/Germany divided

Berlin Divided

Development of the Cold War 5. Division of Germany: Soviet blockaded Berlin-led to Berlin Airlift West: Federal Republic of Germany East: German Democratic Republic

Berlin Airlift

East & West Germany East and West Germany

Spread of the Cold War Significance: As tensions increased, countries were forced to choose sides: democracy or communism

Spread of the Cold War 1. New Military Alliances: April 1949 NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Spread of the Cold War 2. New Military Alliances: 1955 Warsaw pact and North & South Korea ( : Korean War)

NATO/Warsaw Pact Europe

Spread of the Cold War 3. Arms Race & ICBM’s:Deterence Neither side would start a nuclear war because of utter destruction it would cause.

I.C.B.M.’s

I.C.B.M’s

Spread of the Cold War 4. Wall in Berlin: August 1961 Separated East Berlin from West Berlin ** Most striking symbols of Cold War Oppression

Berlin Wall

Spread of the Cold War 5. Cuban Missile Crisis 13 Days of October Soviets & Americans on brink of WW III Soviets eventually agree to pull missiles out of Cuba, US promise not to invade Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Defense Department photos during CMC

Range of Missiles to US targets from Cuba if launched

Vietnam & the Domino Theory Significance: US enters the war in Vietnam to stop the spread of communism.

Vietnam & the Domino Theory 1. Domino Theory: if one country falls to communism, they will all fall to communism.

Domino Theory

Vietnam & the Domino Theory 2. Vietnam was reunified under communist rule, after end of war. Proved Domino Theory was untrue

Chapter 12: Section 2 Soviet Union & Eastern Europe Recovery Soviet Style: Significance: USSR recovered rapidly after WW II, however they would not be able to maintain this increased industrial production rate.

Recovery Soviet Style 1. Reign of Stalin: Heavy industry flourished at the cost of the normal Soviet citizen.

Recovery Soviet Style 2. Khrushchev- Policy of De-Stalinization Process of eliminating the most ruthless policies of Stalin

Recovery Soviet Style 3. Khrushchev- Attempt to improve Agricultural with large mix of spending led to Nikita Khrushchev's undoing

Eastern Europe-Behind the Iron Curtain Significance: In Post WW II, The Soviets increased their hold upon Eastern Europe.

Eastern Europe-Behind the Iron Curtain 1. Communist Patterns of Control-most of Warsaw Pact followed Soviet Example- Czechoslovakia (1948), Albania, and Yugoslavia rebelled against Soviet occupation

Eastern Europe-Behind the Iron Curtain 2. Tito: Leader of Yugoslavia Refused to submit to Stalin’s Plan Yugoslavia's National Freedom struggle

Eastern Europe-Behind the Iron Curtain 3. Revolts against Communism: After Stalin’s Death, Warsaw Pact countries tried to exercise more democratic governments Soviets quickly crushed these attempts.

Chapter 12, Section 3 Western Europe & North America Significance: Post WW II, Western Europe recovered economically.

Western Europe-Recovery & Unity 1. France & De Gaulle: He created the Fourth & Fifth Republic. Fifth: Grew France, became more unified

Western Europe-Recovery & Unity 2. France & De Gaulle: Nuclear weapons- increased the French economy.

Western Europe-Recovery & Unity 3. Economic Miracle of W. Germany: Konrad Adenauer guided W. Germany through a Post WW II Boom.

Western Europe-Recovery & Unity 4. Decline of Great Britain: Labour Party defeated the Conservative Party. Clement Atlee creates Britain’s welfare state

Western Europe-Recovery & Unity 5. Move towards Unity: NATO (1949) EEC (1957)-European Economic Community Free Trade union (6 member nations) Effective Trading Bloc

American Dominance Significance: In Post WW II-United States Faced difficult Social & Political issues.

American Dominance 1. Truman, JFK, LBJ: followed New Deal protocol set up by FDR

American Dominance 2. Prosperity was plentiful-wages went up 3% every year ( ). Increased purchasing power.

American Dominance 3. LBJ & MLK Jr. were crusaders in the Civil Rights Movement. 1) Brown v. Board of Education-Integration 2) Voting Rights Act of 1965: no barriers to voting 3) Civil Rights Act of 1964:ended discrimination & segregation

American Dominance 4. Vietnam War was discriminatory. Affluent Whites could purchase a deferment, while minorities could not afford it and were drafted.

American Dominance 5. Canada established its own identity even while in the shadow of the United States.

Changing Values in Western Society Significance: Advances during Post WW II society produced rapid change in technology and the struggle for equal rights.

Changing Values in Western Society 1. Middle Class exploded in terms of both its income earning and its classifications of its job titles.

Changing Values in Western Society 2. Consumer Society developed-People bought goods instead of wanting to produce them. Buying on Credit became a huge success, Auto most important symbol of this.

Changing Values in Western Society 3. Women were granted right to vote, working, for less money than their male counterparts. This struggle led to the Women’s Liberation Movement.

Changing Values in Western Society 4. Vietnam War produced a high level of Student Radicalism. A) Europe-revolts were an extension of USA universities. B) Universities not responding to needs of students. C) “We’re just small cogs in a Big wheel.” D) 1970’s-1980’s-student radicals became “Middle Class Professionals”