CH. 12 NOTES PART 4: CAUSES OF MUTATIONS AND GENE REGULATION THURSDAY FEB. 18, 2016 PUT YOUR NAME ON YOUR NOTES!

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Mutations.
Advertisements

Gene Mutations. Target #17- I can describe a gene mutation Gene mutation: a permanent heritable change in the sequence of bases in DNA – Effect can cause.
Genetic Change DOT Point Distinguish between mutations of chromosomes distinguisg.
Mutations. General Definition Long Notes: Any change in DNA sequence is called a mutation. Abbreviated Notes (AN): Mutation (mut) = DNA sequence (seq)
What is a mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA.
Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change
Genetic Mutations.
Human Genetic Mutations
Mutations are changes in DNA that may or may not affect phenotype.
1.Using the table on Pg. 292, write the amino acid sequence that would be made according to the codons on the mRNA chain. 2.Why do you think this exact.
Ethics of Biotechnology. CLONING What is CLONING? Creating new and identical organisms using biotechnology.
Gene Mutations. What are mutations and where do they occur?
By: Diana Olalde (DNA Mutations).  DNA is constantly subject to mutations, accidental changes in its code. Mutations can lead to missing or malformed.
Genetic disorders C.1.m. – Describe the mode of inheritance of commonly inherited disorders.
12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.
MONSTROUS MUTATIONS!!!. What is a mutation? Mutations are changes in DNA! However, these simple changes or mistakes can cause big changes in phenotypes.
MUTATIONS.
CHAPTER 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Overview: Reproduction: asexual & sexual prokaryotes eukaryotes Mitosis Meiosis Abnormalities.
Genetic Mutations Increasing Genetic Diversity May 4, 2010.
Mutations In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome. ntent/variation/
Genetic Mutations. Mutations Mistakes made in the DNA sequencing They can have a range of effects. They can affect the genetic information that is passed.
Cellular Reproduction and Chromosomes Cancer and Cloning.
Chapter 4.2 – Problems in Prenatal Development
Mutations Dr. Evil: I have one simple request. And that is to have sharks with frickin' laser beams attached to their frickin’ heads!... What do we have?
Genetic Disorders Genetic Mutations Because DNA controls characteristics of a cell it must be copied before a cell reproduces Sometimes mistakes occur.
Mutations DNA: The Code of LifeDNA: The Code of Life.
MUTATIONS. Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information Only mutation in the GAMETES can be passed on from generation to generation There can.
Mistakes can occur in any process. When do mistakes have stronger effects – When making a DNA? Making mRNA? Making a protein? Explain why. (Same as saying.
Genome Human Genome = the sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases found on the 23 sets of chromosomes in humans Human Genome Project (HGP) = a collaborative.
Genes in ActionSection 1 Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Mutation: The Basis of Genetic Change Several Kinds of Mutations.
MUTATIONS. Mutant An organism expressing a mutated gene.
13.3 Mutations. POINT > Define a gene in simple terms POINT > Define and describe genetic mutations POINT > Distinguish between gene and chromosomal mutations.
DNA-The Code of Life Mr. Price 7 th Grade. What is DNA? DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a chemical that controls the activities of cells.
8.7 Mutations KEY CONCEPT Mutations are changes in DNA that may or may not affect phenotype.
MS-LS 3-1. I will explain how mutations can effect organisms in positive, negative, and neutral ways.
What is a mutation?            A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA.
Section 11.3: Genetic Changes
Mutations.
Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change
Aim # 51: How can mitosis lead to a
Turner College & Career High School  2016
Mutations.
Mutations change in the DNA or RNA sequence May result in new alleles
Mutations LN #23 Ms. Garcia California Content Standard Genetics
Meiosis, DNA Structure & Mutations
THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF LIFE UNIT 3
Mutations 7.L.4A.5 Construct scientific arguments using evidence to support claims for how changes in genes (mutations) may have beneficial, harmful,
Changes in DNA that affect genetic information
11.3 Section Objectives – page 296
Mutations Dr. Evil: I have one simple request. And that is to have sharks with frickin' laser beams attached to their frickin’ heads! What do we.
Mutations.
Mutations.
Mutations Learning Goal: To learn about what the causes, types and effects of mutations. Success Criteria: I know I am succeeding when I can… explain that.
Turner College & Career High School  2016
Mutations Section 6.2.
Mutations.
Mutations.
SB2. The learner will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. d. Describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential.
Mutations 1.
Mutations changes in genetic material (_____).
Mutations and sickle cell anemia
Mutations.
Chromosomes And Inheritance
Lesson 35 Mutations.
Dr. Israa ayoub alwan Lec -9-
Mutations.
Mutation and DNA repair
Presentation transcript:

CH. 12 NOTES PART 4: CAUSES OF MUTATIONS AND GENE REGULATION THURSDAY FEB. 18, 2016 PUT YOUR NAME ON YOUR NOTES!

REVIEW A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single dna building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes.

CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 1.DNA fails to copy accurately: DNA replication is highly accurate due to proof-reading and editing ability of numerous enzymes, including DNA polymerase.  As a result, it is estimated that only 1 in every 1,000,000,000 (billion) bases is incorrect when DNA is copied. This is rare but it does happen.

CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 2.Hereditary mutations are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body. These mutations are also called germline mutations because they are present in the parent’s egg or sperm cells, which are also called germ cells. When an egg and a sperm cell unite, the resulting fertilized egg cell (the zygote) receives DNA from both parents. If this DNA has a mutation, the child that grows from the fertilized egg will have the mutation in each of his or her cells.

CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 3. Acquired (or somatic) mutations occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body. These changes can be caused by environmental factors: A. Harmful chemicals: pay attention to warning labels regarding strong chemicals, especially around children! Chemicals emitted from rubber factories, industrial solvents, and run-off from plastic manufacturing plants can cause mutations to DNA that can result in cancer.

CAUSES OF MUTATIONS B.Sunlight & UV radiation: our bodies need sunlight for making proteins such vitamin D which is synthesized on exposure to sunlight. However, harmful UV radiation from the sun can do some serious damage. Exposure to strong sunlight or UV tanning bulbs tends to damage cellular systems as well as DNA.

CAUSES OF MUTATIONS C.Hydrocarbons: hydrocarbons are chemicals present in tobacco smoke, vehicle exhausts, products of burning of fossil fuels and charred/overcooked meat. Meat products should be cooked properly so that any bacterial or parasitic life forms can be destroyed. However, the buildup of carbon products in burnt meat can be harmful to DNA.

WHY DO MUTATIONS MATTER? To function correctly, each cell depends on thousands of proteins to do their jobs in the right places at the right times. Sometimes, gene mutations prevent one or more of these proteins from working properly. By changing a gene’s instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition. A condition caused by mutations in one or more genes is called a genetic disorder.

WHY DO MUTATIONS MATTER? In some cases, gene mutations are so severe that they prevent an embryo from surviving until birth. These changes occur in genes that are essential for development, and often disrupt the development of an embryo in its earliest stages. Because these mutations have very serious effects, they are incompatible with life.

WHY DO MUTATIONS MATTER? It is important to note that genes themselves do not cause disease—genetic disorders are caused by mutations that make a gene function improperly. For example, when people say that someone has “the cystic fibrosis gene,” they are usually referring to a mutated version of the gene, which causes the disease. All people, including those without cystic fibrosis, have a version of the gene.