Gene: TTCGATCGC 1.Replicate 2.Transcribe 3.Translate 5/16/16 Date:5/16/16Topic:MutationsPage # ___ What sequences of amino acids do you end up with? Pass out grades!

Today in Room 326/311… HW: Study for MCAS! CONTENT OBJ: SW identify types of mutations in DNA and explain why mutations can impact physical features LANG. OBJ: SW write notes, read powerpoint, speak in pairs and listen to video ANNOUNCEMENTS: Grades updated! AGENDA: AS: Transcribe/translate gene (10 min) Review Homework & Concepts (10 min) Mutations notes (10 min) Mutations worksheet (20 min) Mutations examples & video (30 min) Date:5/16/16Topic:MutationsPage # ___

Central Dogma of Biology Original gene: T T C G A T C G C Replication: A A G C T A G C G Transcription: U U C G A U C G C Translation: Phe – Asp – Arg DNA  RNA  Proteins

The Central Dogma Remember: In replication, DNA  DNA using A, T, C, G In transcription, DNA  RNA, using A, U, C, G In translation, mRNA  tRNA  using A, U, C, G tRNA  amino acids using triplet code

Homework Review Check homework first Review bolded answers “Protein Synthesis Worksheet”

Machinery Reads the DNA template strand to create a complementary DNA strand __________________ Reads the DNA template strand to create a complementary RNA strand __________________ Reads the RNA strand to create the corresponding amino acids __________________

What happens when something goes wrong?? Mutations!! In pairs, make a list of everything that comes to mind when you think of the word “mutant”

Class Shareout

Mutations* Changes in the DNA sequence Leads to changes in the mrNA May change protein May change trait

Types of Mutations* Point mutation Change to ONE letter (base) in the DNA May change protein Examples… (  will write examples below)

Point Mutation (one base change)

Types of Point Mutations Nonsense mutation* = change to STOP Protein ends up much shorter than intended (fewer amino acids)

Types of Point Mutations* Missense mutation Changes amino acid* Example: GCA  Ala But if mutation occurs and GCA becomes GUA GUA  Val

Missense Mutation Ex.* Sickle Cell Anemia* Normal red blood cells Sickle Cells

Types of Point Mutations Silent mutation* = no change to protein If there is a change in the base code, why doesn’t the protein switch?

Types of Mutations* Point mutation Change to ONE letter (base) in the DNA May change protein Examples… Frameshift mutation Addition OR deletion of one base Shift DNA frame (changes codons) Big changes to protein! Examples…

Frameshift Mutations Frameshift: Add or delete one or more bases

Types of Frameshift Mutations Insertion = add one or more bases* How much does it change the protein? A lot!

Types of Frameshift Mutations Deletion = lose one or more bases* How much does this change the protein? A lot!

Deletion Example Cystic Fibrosis

Mutations Practice Worksheet Complete whole worksheet during class

Genetic Mutations Do you know of any?

Progeria Mutation in the LMNA gene Protein that keeps the cell nucleus healthy Causes premature aging Most people die around age 13 from heart attack or stroke Affects 1 in 8,000,000 births

Hypertrichosis “Werewolf Syndrome” Mutation of the 8 th chromosome Excessive hair growth Not treatable, but purely cosmetic

3 rd & 4 th block: Mutation Powerpoint Tues & Wed after MCAS 3 rd block: Meet in room 334 (the 3 rd floor auditorium like last time)

The Science of Mutations XM XM