Classical Era
The Classical Era Important events: –American Revolution ( ) –French Revolution ( ) –The Industrial Revolution made mass production possible.
Classicism in Music Music was mostly long pieces, large forms such as: –Symphony- (a large work for orchestral piece of 3-4 sections) –Concerto (an orchestra piece featuring a solo instrument…with 3-4 sections) –Sonata (Instrumental genre in several movements for soloist or small ensemble. )
Elements of Classical Style Singable, Lyrical melody Regular rhythm ( 2, 3 or 4 beats per measure) Homophonic texture –Melody has accompanying harmony
The Patronage System Aristocracy adopted the arts as a necessary part of life. Social events created demand for new music Musicians didn’t have economic security Women worked as professional opera singers, ballet dancers, music teachers & soloists Performance music from palaces to public concert halls.
The Development of Classical Forms Form is the main organizing element in absolute music. Absolute Music: No Pictorial or Literary Program Music takes shape with Multimovement Cycles: one pieces has 3 or 4 movements (sections)
The First Movement Exposition –Usually in a quick tempo Main Theme begins in tonic (home key) Development –Theme is broken up and developed –More tension –More musical conflict & action
First Movement (continued) Recapitulation –Theme returns after the Development –Bridge (has 2 nd Theme) Closing Section Coda- last section (ending section of a song)
The Second Movement Slower tempo… Andante (walking speed) Adagio (slow speed) Ternary Form (A-B-A) Theme and Variations –Theme –Variations (change of) Melody, Chords, Rhythm, Dynamics (loud/soft)
The Third Movement In the Classical Symphony, usually a Minuet & Trio. Minuet –A Baroque court dance in triple meter ¾ –Two main sections A-B & return to beginning A –4 & 8 measure phrases.
Fourth Movement Is a Rondo (type of dance) –A lively movement with the spirit of dancing –Forms A-B-A-B-A –A-B-A-C-A –A-B-A-C-A-B-A
Eine kleine Nachtmusic K. 525 Written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Translation: “A Little Night Music” –Serenade for Strings (String Quartet with a Double Bass) –Meant for Outdoor Public Performance –Four Movements (originally five) 1. Allegro in G major 2. Romanza in C major 3. Allegretto in G major 4. Allegro in G major