Science 10 Review Part 1: Chemical Compounds

Ionic Compounds

Metal and non-metal combination

Ionic Compounds Metal and non-metal combination

Ionic Compounds Metal and non-metal combination Ionic bond forms as a result of electron transfer.

Ionic Compounds Metal and non-metal combination Ionic bond forms as a result of electron transfer. Contains charged ions (atoms or group of atoms that have lost or gained electrons) e.g O 2-, PO 4 3- K +, NH 4 +

Ionic bond is a force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Cu 2+ O 2-

Ionic bond is a force of attraction between positive and negative ions E.g. CuO, NaHC 2 O 4 Cu 2+ O 2-

Ionic bond is a force of attraction between positive and negative ions E.g. CuO, NaHC 2 O 4 Ionic compounds form 3D crystals that contain many ions Cu 2+ O 2-

Ionic bond is a force of attraction between positive and negative ions E.g. CuO, NaHC 2 O 4 Ionic compounds forms 3D crystals that contain many ions Cu 2+ O 2-

Molecular compounds

Non-metal and non-metal combination

Molecular compounds Non-metal and non-metal combination

Molecular compounds Non-metal and non-metal combination Form molecules

Molecular compounds Non-metal and non-metal combination Form molecules Contain covalent bonds that result from electron sharing

Molecular compounds Non-metal and non-metal combination Form molecules Contain covalent bonds that result from electron sharing E.g. CH 4, SO 2

Formulas of Ionic Compounds

1.Write Symbols with Combining Capacities 2.Balance Charges 3.Write Formula

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+ PO 4 3-

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 2+

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 2+ PO 4 3-

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 2+

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Roman Numeral in name indicates ion charge e.g mercury (II) phosphate Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Hg 2+ PO 4 3- Hg 2+

Naming Ionic Compounds

1. Name the Metal (check its combining capacity) 2. Name the non metal – ending to IDE or Name the polyatomic –ending the same

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge e.g Cr 2 O 3 +3 or +2

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge e.g Cr 2 O 3 Cr Cr +3 or +2

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge e.g Cr 2 O 3 Cr O 2- Cr O 2- O or +2

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge e.g Cr 2 O 3 Cr 3+ O 2- Cr 3+ O 2- O or +2

Naming Ionic Compounds Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of metal ions with more than one possible ion charge e.g Cr 2 O 3 Cr 3+ O 2- Cr 3+ O 2- O or +2 chromium (III) oxide

A roman numeral is not required when a metal has only one ion charge

e.g K 2 SO 4

A roman numeral is not required when a metal has only one ion charge e.g K 2 SO 4 +1 only

A roman numeral is not required when a metal has only one ion charge e.g K 2 SO 4 potassium sulphate +1 only

Formulas of Molecular Compounds

Binary compounds use prefix system to indicate the number atoms of each element

Formulas of Molecular Compounds Binary compounds use prefix system to indicate the number atoms of each element The element furthest to the left or farthest down the periodic table is written first

Greek prefixes 1 – mono 6 - hexa 2 – di 7 - hepta 3 – tri8 - octa 4 – tetra 9 - nona 5 – penta 10 - deca

Formulas of Molecular Compounds

sulphur dioxide

Formulas of Molecular Compounds sulphur dioxide SO 2

Formulas of Molecular Compounds sulphur dioxide SO 2 tetranitrogen nonaoxide

Formulas of Molecular Compounds sulphur dioxide SO 2 tetranitrogen nonaoxideN 4 O 9

Formulas of Molecular Compounds sulphur dioxide SO 2 tetranitrogen nonaoxideN 4 O 9 diphosphorus pentoxide

Formulas of Molecular Compounds sulphur dioxide SO 2 tetranitrogen nonaoxideN 4 O 9 diphosphorus pentoxideP 2 O 5

Naming Molecular Compounds

Mono is never used for the first element

Naming Molecular Compounds Mono is never used for the first element Second element changes to –ide ending

Naming Molecular Compounds Mono is never used for the first element Second element changes to –ide ending Vowels (a, o) on prefix are sometimes omitted if followed by vowels (a, o)

Naming Molecular Compounds Mono is never used for the first element Second element changes to –ide ending Vowels (a, o) on prefix are sometimes omitted if followed by vowels (a, o) e.g. carbon monooxide  carbon monoxide

Naming Molecular Compounds

SiO 2

Naming Molecular Compounds SiO 2 silicon dioxide

Naming Molecular Compounds SiO 2 silicon dioxide N 2 S

Naming Molecular Compounds SiO 2 silicon dioxide N 2 Sdinitrogen monosulphide

Naming Molecular Compounds SiO 2 silicon dioxide N 2 Sdinitrogen monosulphide P 4 Cl 6

Naming Molecular Compounds SiO 2 silicon dioxide N 2 Sdinitrogen monosulphide P 4 Cl 6 tetraphosphorus hexachloride

CuSO 4. 5H 2 O

A hydrate is a solid compound containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal

CuSO 4. 5H 2 O To name hydrates: 1.Name the ionic compound normally

CuSO 4. 5H 2 O To name hydrates: 1.Name the ionic compound normally 2.Use greek prefixes for the # of water molecules

CuSO 4. 5H 2 O To name hydrates: 1.Name the ionic compound normally 2.Use greek prefixes for the # of water molecules 3.Name water molecule “hydrate”

CuSO 4. 5H 2 O Copper II sulphate pentahydrate

Try these Na 2 SO 4 · 10H 2 O

Try these Na 2 SO 4 · 10H 2 O sodium sulfate decahydrate

Try these Na 2 SO 4 · 10H 2 O sodium sulfate decahydrate CaHPO 4 · 2H 2 O

Try these Na 2 SO 4 · 10H 2 O sodium sulfate decahydrate CaHPO 4 · 2H 2 O calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate