 3 Main Periodic Areas: Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids  Vertical columns are groups/families, horizontal rosws are periods.

 Metals are solids are room temperature, except mercury (liquid). React strongly with nonmetals.  Luster (shininess), Malleable (hammered thin), ductile (shaped into a wire), high tensile strength, and good conductors.  Metal groups include Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth metals, Transition metals, and other metals.

 Alkali Metals  Most reactive metals  Have 1 valence electron  Lose val. elec. to have a charge of +1.  Alkaline Earth Metals  Less reactive than alkali metals  Have 2 valence electrons  Lose val. elec. to have a charge of +2

 Transition Metals  Less reactive than alkali and alkaline earth metals.  Valence electrons vary and they show more than one charge (oxidation state).  Other Metals  Less reactive than alkali and alkaline earth metals.  Usually have 3-5 valence electrons, depending on their group.

 Nonmetals are solids and gases at room temperatures (bromine is a liquid).  They lack metallic properties and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

 Halogens  Most reactive nonmetals  Contain 7 valence electrons.  Gain a val. elec. to have a charge of -1.  Noble Gases  Least reactive group on the periodic table.  Full valence shells (2 or 8 depending on element).

 Hydrogen  A nonmetal in a metal group.  Very reactive nonmetal  Tends to lose its valence electron to form a charge of +1.  Other Nonmetals  Less reactive than the halogens.  Contain 4-6 valence electrons depending on group  Form -2 to -4 charges.

 The stairs separating metals from nonmetals.  Contain properties of both metals and nonmetals.  Commonly called “semiconductors” due to their varying conduction.