Departamento Nacional de Planeación

March, 2016 dnp.gov.co Manuel Fernando Castro Deputy General Director for Territories and Public Investment National Planning Department – DNP An Instrument for Peace and Post Conflict

AGENDA 1.General facts about Colombia 2.Policy context and major challenges 3.Key elements of multipurpose cadaster reform in Colombia March, 2016 dnp.gov.co An Instrument for Peace and Post Conflict Recostruction

AGENDA 1 GENERAL FACTS ABOUT COLOMBIA March, 2016 dnp.gov.co An Instrument for Peace and Post Conflict Recostruction

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March million 65% of total public expenditure is managed by regions Decentralized Government Presidential System Colombia is a leading growth country among Latin America’s largest economies Middle income country with 76% of population in urban areas municipalities 32 departments 6 regions 145 subregions

GDP per capita in USD assumption taken as the average TRM 2015 (2743 pesos) and additionally the corresponding national accounts data was estimated to trim IV 2015 * Corresponds to the inversion of III trim (P) FDI data is available until 2015 Trim III, the last quarter of this year was projected *** 2014 tax revenues from municipals entities and departmental (1) Taken from “Comportamiento del homicidio, Colombia 2011 – Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses – Pp 70”, 2010 and 2015 use SIJIN official homicide report Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Macroeconomic, fiscal and social indicators have improved since 2002… Source: DNP, Ministry of Finance VARIABLE Variation ( ) Homicide rate per inhabitants67,3(1)34,028,0-58,4% Investment Rate (% of GDP)16,624,528,8**73,5% FDI (USD millions) (p)476,9% Economic Growth (%)2,54,03,124,0% GDP per capita (USD) *153,1% Unemployment Rate (%)15,611,88,9-42,9% Tax revenue ($COP Billions)5,815,8523,56***306,2% Poverty Rate (%)49,739,027,8-44,1% Extreme Poverty Rate (%)17,712,37,9-55,4%

AGENDA 2 POLICY CONTEXT AND MAJOR CHALLENGES March, 2016 dnp.gov.co An Instrument for Peace and Post Conflict Recostruction

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Colombia's economic performance between 2010 and 2014 (around 5% of GDP) was one of the most notable in Latin America Source: DANE (2014) Antioquia 13% Santander 8% Valle del Cauca 9% Bogotá D.C. 25% GDP iexplained by the performance of 4 departments 60% …but economic growth is still highly concentrated in a few regions

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Poverty decreased 9.7 pp between but the gaps between rural and urban areas remain high Source: DANE (2015) 1,7 – 3,7 times greater than urban areas But in Quibdó Bucaramanga´s poverty rate is under 10% 50% poor Examples: Vigía del Fuerte El Charco 99% Population is poor Rural poverty is of people are

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Inequality has progresivily declined, but the gap between the rich and the poor remain wide Source: DANE (2014) Difference between max. and min. Gini Index (13 main cities and metropolitan areas) With inequality decreasing at a regular pace in a decade, differences among regions are still significant. A gap of 1 pp is still a challenge for public policy.

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Internal armed conflict has declined in the past decade…but violence is still a major burden to development Source: DNP –GPE, …armed conflict has been present for more than 50 years... Very high (197) High (164) Medium (482) Low (278) Coca crops 160,000 ha. in 2000 to 69,000 ha. in 2014 Kidnappings Decreased from 3,572 (2000) to 210 (2015) 66% reduction between 2000 and 2015 Armed actions Highly affected municipalities decreased from 351 in 2002 to 187 in 2013 Armed conflict Homicide rate Displaced population 76% reduction between 2002 ( ) and 2014 ( ) 60% decrease between 2002 (70) and 2014 (28) Incidence of armed conflict 2002 Very high (45) High (49) Medium (357) Low (670) Very high (81) High (106) Medium (141) Low (793) Incidence of armed conflict 2013

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Source: GPE-DDTS, Armed conflict is mainly concentrated in rural and distant areas are rural or disperse rural Rurality indexArmed conflict municipalities 88% of municipalities with high armed conflict

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Therefore armed conflict has become a major treat to the environment 87% of illicit crops are in armed conflict municipalities Natural parks and illicit cropsArmed conflict municipalities Source: GPE-DDTS, Out of 59 National Parks (SIMCI, 2013) ha of coca crops in 2013 (UNODC, 2014) Paramillo, Nukak and La Macarena are the most affected parks (UNODC, 2010)

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Between 1990 and 2013, 58% of deforestation occurred in municipalities with armed conflict DeforestationArmed conflict municipalities Source: GPE-DDTS, Hectares deforestated ( ) million 5,2 million 3 Has in municipalities with high intensity armed conflict The anual deforestation rate is 3 times higher in municipalities with armed conflict Conflict 6,5 ha. /1.000 ha.forest Non conflict 2,6 ha. /1.000 ha.forest vs

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Land use conflicts and land tenure insecurity are present in armed conflict regions Land use conflicts Armed conflict municipalities 28% municipalities have no cadastral formation 60% Outdated cadaster Source: GPE-DDTS, 2015.

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Poverty is related to the presence of armed conflict in Colombian municipalities Armed conflict municipalitiesMultidimensional poverty index Multidimensional poverty in armed conflict municipalities is Source: GPE-DDTS, ,2% 10pp over the national average

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Municipalities affected by armed conflict have lower fiscal and administrative capacities Conflict municipalities While conflict affected municipalities US$56 of fiscal revenue per capita, municipalities without armed conflict generate US$156 A factor of more than 2.7 Closing gaps Source: GPE-DDTS, 2015.

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Colombian post conflict policy challenges include strengthening national and subnational capacities to: Improve land use planning and control of territories 1 Increase government revenues, and 2 Enhance the quality and impact of public investment to reduce poverty and inequality 3

AGENDA 3 KEY ELEMENTS OF MULTIPURPOSE CADASTER REFORM IN COLOMBIA March, 2016 dnp.gov.co An Instrument for Peace and Post Conflict Recostruction

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Multipurpose cadastre Spatial data infrastructure – SDI Is a tool for planning and land use management that supports policy-making, implementation and investment planning and allocation. It provides basic information on real property, to help reflect its market value and guarantee property rights It is supported on a spatial data access platform that facilitates management, updating and use of property, land, and multi sectoral public goods information nationally and regionally What do we mean by multipurpose cadaster?

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Situación del catastro rural 370 municipalities (32,9%) recently updated 731 municipalities (65%) not updated 28 municipalities (2,2%) non cadastral information 375 municipalities (33,4%) recently updated 662 municipalities (59%) not updated 81 municipalities (7,2%) non cadastral information 28,5% Non cadastral information 63,9% Outdated Urban cadaster Total property Rural property Urban property Rural cadaster Colombian current cadastral information is incomplete and outdated

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 National Development Plan Art.104: Implementation of multipurpose cadaster Art.180 paragraph: Delegation of cadastral competencies Components and timeline for the cadaster reform in Colombia

New Basic Cartography Market - oriented model (Outsourced provision) Separation between regulation and implementation Cadaster-Registry integration: Single IT system Delegation of competencies in territories with capacity Financially sustainable system National registry of property surveyors Strengthened regulation authority Multipurpose methodologies and standards Cadastral Law Outdated (63,9%) Disconnection between cadaster and land registry (65%) Inadequate institutional setting No multipurpose processes and methodologies Institutional model: Totally public provision Single agency concentrates standards definition, implementation / regulation No sanctioning capacity Mainly for tax purposes Current cadaster Valuations do not reflect market prices Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Current situation and expected outcomes of the reform Cartography Outdated, lacks appropriate scale

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 ROAD MAP FOR CADASTER REFORM 1 Standards, methodologies and technologies 2 Cartography 3 Institutional Reform 4 Cadastral Law 5 Pilot Projects 6 Expansion Strategy

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Road map for cadaster reform Multipurpose cadastral information system Property as base unit information for planning and land use management Relationship between people and land (RRR: Rights, Restrictions, Responsibilities) ISO Land Administración Domain Model (LADM) 1 Standards, methodologies and technologies 2 Cartography For cadastral purposes with appropriate scale and representation at all territory ScaleZone% Outdated % Non- existent 1:25.000Rural52%48% 1:2.000Urban29%71% ScaleZone% Coverage 1:25.000Rural100% 1:2.000Urban100% Today: 2023:

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Institutional reform 3 4 Cadastral Law Open and transparent implementation model Division between regulation and implementation Participation of private and public firms Delegation of competencies in territories with verified capacity Currently there is no multipurpose cadastral legislation A new institutional model - Creation and regulation RNRP -Delegation of competencies -Private sector´s role -Authority for restructuring Financial sustainability mechanisms Processes and procedures -Cadaster-registry interrelation -Appraisals -Information systems Multipurpose cadastral law under preparation, will define: Road map for cadaster reform

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March Pilot projects To test and calibrate : Costs, time, and technical conditions (methodologies) Implementation processes Operating (outsourcing) model Eleven (11) municipalities, representative of all types of properties and land conditions. Scope of the pilot Road map for cadaster reform: Why a pilot project? Total property of the pilot Rural property Urban property Inter - agency coordination : DNP – IGAC – SNR - ANT

Multipurpose cadaster in Colombia: an instrument for peace and post-conflict reconstruction March 2016 Pilot projects Anorí Topaipí Dibulla Barranquilla 1. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. 2. Catatumbo y sur del Cesar. 3. Arauca. 4. Montes de María. 5. Sur de Bolívar. 6. Bajo Cauca antioqueño y Nudo de Paramillo. 7. Urabá chocoano. 8. Oriente antioqueño. 9. Alto, Medio y Bajo San Juan. 10. Sur de Tolima y Norte del Cauca. 11. Pacífico caucano. 12. Tumaco y pacífico nariñense. 13. Ariari Guayabero y Guaviare. 14. Caquetá. 15. Medio y Bajo Putumayo. Municipios PPCM Dibulla, Guajira Santa Marta, Magdalena Barranquilla, Atlántico (DC) Anorí, Antioquía Lebrija, Santander Topaipí, Cundinamarca Armenia, Quindío Buenaventura, Valle Puerto Gaitán, Meta San Vicente del Caguán, Caquetá Puerto Leguízamo, Putumayo Geographic location: Incidence of Armed Conflict Topaipí Road map for cadaster reform 5

Multipurpose cadaster in Colombia: an instrument for peace and post-conflict reconstruction March 2016 Public bidding process Definition of standards and methodologies Road map strategy Cartographic Supplies Fieldwork Jan. Feb. Mar. Abr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Standards 2016 Timeline 2016: Pilots

Multipurpose cadaster in Colombia: an instrument for peace and post-conflict reconstruction March 2016 Pilot projects Products Rural multipurpose cadaster information: completed and updated in 10 municipalities Urban multipurpose cadaster in 1 main city: Barranquilla Multipurpose cadastral information database Methodological evidence supported by physical, legal and economic information Basic cartography for cadastral purposes Road map for scaling up the process Time and costs estimates Adjusted methodologies/tools Implementation guide Road map for cadaster reform 5

Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Funding and coordination under DNP responsibility with IGAC and SNR support 11 municipalities technically selected by IGAC and DNP 2016: Pilot Projects 25% of the national territory Complete basic cartography : Target Multipurpose cadaster in the 100% of the national territory : Multipurpose cadaster Scaling up strategy Road map for cadaster reform

Multipurpose cadaster reform will provide complete and updated information to determine: …it will allow Colombia continue improving Quality public investment Sustainable peace Land use information Nation’s wasteland Accurate land tax Road infraestructure inventories Indigenous land Social facilities location Natural parks and water seed Land rights Specific land purpose Multipurpose Cadaster in Colombia: An Instrument for Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction March 2016 Results-oriented planning Property inventories

National Planning Department